First Report of <i>Exserohilum rostratum</i> Causing Foliar Blight of Industrial Hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i>)

Thiessen, Lindsey; Schappe, Tyler

doi:10.1094/pdis-08-18-1434-pdn

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 7 publications

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“…Aside from the major fungal genera mentioned above that have been identified as causal agents of significant diseases in bast fiber crops, other fungal pathogens, such as Cercospora cf. flagellaris [48], Exserohilum rostratum [49], Macrophomina phaseolina [50], Sclerotinia minor [51], Micropeltopsis cannabis sp., Orbilia luteola, Curvularia cymbopogonis [52], Podosphaera xanthii [53], and Lasiodiplodia theobromae [54,55], can also cause a diversity of known or unknown diseases among bast fiber crops. The diseases include leaf spot, foliar blight, charcoal rot, sclerotinia crown rot in industrial hemp, powdery mildew on ramie, and black rot on kenaf, resulting in different degrees of damage to productivity and quality [48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55].…”

Section: Fungal Pathogens Of Bast Fiber Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Diagnostics and Pathogenesis of Fungal Pathogens on Bast Fiber Crops

et al. 2020

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Bast fibers and products derived from them are undergoing a resurgence in demand in the global market. However, fungal diseases have become an important factor limiting their yield and quality, causing devastating consequences for the production of bast fiber crops in many parts of the world. Thus, there is a high demand for effective control and prevention strategies against fungal pathogens. Having rapid, specific, sensitive, and cost-effective tests that can be used for early and accurate diagnosis of disease agents is an essential step of such strategies. The objective of this study was to review the current status of research on molecular diagnosis of fungal pathogens on bast fiber crops. Our search of PubMed identified nearly 20 genera of fungal pathogens on bast fiber crops, among which the five most common genera were Colletotrichum, Pythium, Verticillium, Fusarium, and Golovinomyces. The gene regions that have been used for molecular identifications of these fungi include internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (EF-1α), ß-tubulin, calmodulin (CAL), histone subunit 3 (H3), glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), etc. We summarize the molecular assays that have been used to identify these fungi and discuss potential areas of future development for fast, specific, and accurate diagnosis of fungal pathogens on bast fiber crops.Pathogens 2020, 9, 223 2 of 19 and control. However, conventional protocols based on morphological and physiological methods are time-consuming, require significant experience, and may not be sensitive and specific for individual pathogens [3]. Moreover, many fungal pathogens can remain latent in "sub-infection" stages with no obvious symptoms and/or in low numbers, making them difficult to detect, and causing confusion with their roles in diseases. These issues can contribute to delayed or wrong control measures.During the last three decades, to overcome these problems and minimize crop losses caused by fungal diseases, a diversity of DNA molecule-based tools has been developed for the detection and identification of fungal pathogens. These techniques include conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [4], quantitative PCR (qPCR) [5,6], immunocapture-PCR (IC-PCR) [7,8], droplet digital PCR (dd-PCR) [9], loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) [10], multiplex tandem PCR [11], fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) [12], and DNA microarrays [3]. These methods are typically faster and more accurate than those based on colony morphology, microscopic features, and/or physiological/biochemical characters of pure fungal cultures. Indeed, methods targeting DNA sequences have been applied to detect pathogens during crops' growth, harvest and postharvest processing stages [13]. Moreover, they have also enabled a deeper understanding of microbial populations and communities associated with crops, especially the microorganisms that are difficult or impossible to cultivate in the lab. Together, technological advances and developments in DNA molecu...

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Section: Fungal Pathogens Of Bast Fiber Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Diagnostics and Pathogenesis of Fungal Pathogens on Bast Fiber Crops

et al. 2020

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Setosphaeria rostrata (leaf spot of grasses)

2022

CABI Compendium

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Dieback and Leaf Spot in Box Elder (Acer negundo) Caused by Exserohilum rostratum

2021

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Leaf spot and dieback were observed on box elder (Acer negundo) grown in a nursery in Tai'an city, Shandong Province, China, in 2019, with a disease incidence of 86%. The incidence of Exserohilum rostratum isolation was 75% from the shoots and 66.6% from the leaves of field-infected plants. Isolates were identified at the species level on the basis of morphological characteristics and through phylogenetic analysis of concatenated partial sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and cam, gapdh, tef1, rpb2, tub2, and his genes from the Exserohilum isolates. The effects of temperature on the mycelial growth of the E. rostratum isolates were also characterized. In greenhouse tests, seedlings inoculated with the pathogen exhibited systemic symptoms similar to those observed in the field. In pathogenicity experiments on shoots, wounded seedlings were observed to be blighted, suggesting that leaf spot and dieback may develop into more severe blight or dieback when high winds, sudden temperature drops, or insect infestations occur. To our knowledge, this is the first report of dieback and leaf spot caused by E. rostratum on a species of A. negundo.

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First Report of Exserohilum rostratum Causing Foliar Blight of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa)

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Molecular Diagnostics and Pathogenesis of Fungal Pathogens on Bast Fiber Crops

Molecular Diagnostics and Pathogenesis of Fungal Pathogens on Bast Fiber Crops

Setosphaeria rostrata (leaf spot of grasses)

Dieback and Leaf Spot in Box Elder (Acer negundo) Caused by Exserohilum rostratum

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