First report of detection and molecular characterization of porcine parvovirus in domestic and wild pigs in Kerala, India

Abstract

Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is a DNA virus of the genus Parvovirus of family Parvoviridae. It is the causative agent of many disease problems in pigs such as maternal reproductive failure, stillbirth, mummification, embryonic or fetal death, infertility, abortion and neonatal death. A study was conducted to assess the incidence of the virus in pigs in Kerala State in South India. A total of 38 samples were collected from domestic and wild pigs from different districts of the State. Polymerase chain reaction targeting a 265 bp fragment of the NS1 gene of the virus was carried out. Of the samples tested, 2 (5.26 %) were found to be positive for PPV virus genome, one of which was from a wild pig. One of the positive samples was sequenced and the nucleotide sequence obtained was compared with other sequences of PPV from India and abroad. The results revealed that the sequence had very close similarity to PPV sequences previously reported from India and to that of Chinese isolates. This is the first report of the existence of PPV in domestic and wild pigs in Kerala, India. The study highlights the need to test for the presence of PPV in addition to other infectious agents in diagnosis of cases of reproductive disorders in pigs.

Molecular Detection of Porcine Parvovirus in Swine with Reproductive Failure

“…Twenty fetal tissue samples were tested for PPV by PCR targeting NS1 gene of the virus (Fig 5). Of the samples tested, 19 were found positive by PCR with a percentage positivity of 95% unlike Aishwarya et al (2016) who reported 5.26% (2/38) positivity for PPV in tissues samples. Serena et al (2019) reported 7/131 samples from tissues of still birth and mummified fetuses were positive to PPV by PCR in Argentina.…”

“…The positive isolates were related to the PPV 1 sequence (NADL-2), maintaining the amino acid differences in positions 436 (S-P) and 565 (R-K) (Serena et al, 2019). The prevalence of PPV genotypes 1-7 have been reported worldwide (Streck et al, 2013;Xioa et al, 2013;Schirtzinger et al, 2015 andXing et al, 2018) in India (Sharma and Saikumar, 2015;Aishwarya et al, 2016). PPV 1 is known as one of the most important causes of reproductive failure in swine (Streck et al, 2013).…”

“…Total DNA was extracted from tissues using QIAmp DNA Mini and Blood Mini kit (Qiagen, USA) following manufacturer's instructions. Initial screening of the samples were done by PCR targeting 265 bp fragment corresponding to NS1 region as previously described by Aishwarya et al (2016).…”

“…In India, the disease was reported for the first time by Sharma and Saikumar (2010) in association with reproductive failure and neonatal mortality in crossbred pig. In South India, Aishwarya et al (2016) reported the occurrence of porcine parvovirus from Kerala in domestic and wild pigs. The virus is transmitted to a new herd either oronasally, transplacentally or through clothing of farmers and rodents (Truyen and Streck, 2012).…”