“…Hybrid perovskite materials reveal excellent optical properties that make them a promising candidate to be used in not only solar cells but also light detectors 54,61 and light-emitting diodes 206,207 ; For instance, hybrid perovskite materials have direct bandgap semiconductors with large absorption coefficients about 104-105 cm À1 . 208 Thereby, many efforts have been made to investigate and develop the optical properties and photovoltaic performance of perovskite materials such as high absorption coefficient, 77,209 wide spectral range, 210,211 high mobility, 212 small effective masses, 188 and low trap-state density. 213 Accordingly, many efforts have been made to investigate the impact of substitution at A site in FA cation in hybrid perovskites materials.…”