First outbreak of linezolid-resistant vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in an Irish hospital, February to September 2014

O'Driscoll, C.; Murphy, Valerie; Doyle, Oran; Wrenn, C.; Flynn, Aidan J; O’Flaherty, Niamh; Fenelon, Lynda; Schaffer, Kirsten; Fitzgerald, Susan

doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2015.09.006

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, in recent years, Enterococcus spp. have emerged as a leading source of nosocomial infections (2, 3), such as bacteremia, endocarditis, and urinary tract infections (4, 5). Furthermore, the development of resistance to vancomycin in Enterococcus spp.…”

Section: Genome Announcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Genome Sequence of the Siphoviral Bacteriophage Ec-ZZ2, Which Is Capable of Lysing Enterococcus faecium

Shi

Zhao

et al. 2016

Genome Announc

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Section: Genome Announcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Genome Sequence of the Siphoviral Bacteriophage Ec-ZZ2, Which Is Capable of Lysing Enterococcus faecium

Shi

Zhao

et al. 2016

Genome Announc

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“…Outbreaks of Enterococcus species from hospital and environmental sources have been reported in literature in recent times (Gassiep et al, 2015; Lister et al, 2015; O’Driscoll et al, 2015; Pinholt et al, 2015; Sivertsen et al, 2016; Ulrich et al, 2017) with little or no information on outbreaks of enterococci infection of food origin. However, consumption of RTE food conveying virulence potentials is an important route of transfer (Chajecka-Wierzchowska et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Determinants, and Biofilm Formation of Enterococcus Species From Ready-to-Eat Seafood

Igbinosa

Beshiru

2019

Front. Microbiol.

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Enterococcus species form an important population of commensal bacteria and have been reported to possess numerous virulence factors considered significantly important in exacerbating diseases caused by them. The present study was designed to characterize antibiotic-resistant and virulent enterococci from ready-to-eat (RTE) seafood. A total of 720 RTE shrimp samples comprising sauced shrimp ( n = 288), boiled shrimp ( n = 216), and smoked shrimp ( n = 216) obtained from open markets in Delta State, Nigeria, were assessed. Standard classical methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used in identifying the Enterococcus species. Potential virulence factors (β-hemolysis, gelatinase activity, S-layer, and biofilm formation) were assessed using standard procedures. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of the identified enterococci isolates was assayed using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. PCR was further used to screen selected antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. Prevalence of Enterococcus species from shrimp varieties is as follows: sauced, 26 (9.03%); boiled, 6 (2.78%); and smoked, 27 (12.50%), with an overall prevalence of 59 (8.19%) based on the occurrence of black hallow colonies after incubation. Enterococcus species detected include E. faecalis , 17 (28.8%); E. faecium , 29 (49.2%); E. gallinarum , 6 (10.2%); E. casseliflavus , 2 (3.4%); E. hirae , 3 (5.1%); and E. durans , 2 (3.4%). Biofilm occurrence among the shrimp varieties is as follows: 19/26 (73.1%) for sauced shrimps, 5/6 (83.3%) for boiled shrimps, and 16/27 (59.3%) for smoked shrimps. The phenotypic expression of the enterococci virulence revealed the following: S-layer, 59 (100%); gelatinase production, 19 (32.2%); and β-hemolysis, 21 (35.6%). An average of 3–11 virulence genes were detected in the Enterococcus species. The resistance profile of Enterococcus species is as follows: erythromycin, 29 (49.2%); vancomycin, 22 (37.3%); and tetracycline, 27 (45.8%). The frequency of occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes from the phenotypic resistant enterococci isolates to the macrolide, glycopeptide, and tetracycline antibiotics is as follows: erm A, 13/29 (44.8%); van A, 14/22 (63.6%); tet A, 14/27 (51.9%); tet M, 15/27 (55.6%); erm B, 4/29 (13.8%); and van B, 5/22 (22.7%). Findings from this study reveal the antibiotic resistance of enterococci strains of such species as E. durans, E. casseliflavus, E. gallinarum , and E. hirae . This study further revealed that RTE food products are reservoirs of potential virul...

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“…Linezolid- and vancomycin-resistant (LVR) enterococci in hospitals have been recently described (O’driscoll et al, 2015; Krull et al, 2016; Bender et al, 2018). However, researches on other Gram-positive bacteria and in other settings have not been documented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Linezolid- and Vancomycin-Resistant Streptococcus suis Isolate That Harbors optrA and vanG Operons

Duan

et al. 2019

Front. Microbiol.

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Linezolid and vancomycin are among the last-resort antimicrobial agents in the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections. Linezolid-and vancomycin-resistant (LVR) Gram-positive bacteria may pose severe threats to public health. In this study, three optrA-and vanG-positive Streptococcus suis strains were isolated from two farms of different cities. There were only 1 and 343 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding region (cSNPs) of HCB4 and YSJ7 to YSJ17, respectively. Mobilome analysis revealed the presence of vanG, erm(B), tet(O/W/32/O), and aadEapt-sat4-aphA3 cluster on an integrative and conjugative element, ICESsuYSJ17, and erm(B), aphA3, aac(6)-aph(2), catpC 194 , and optrA on a prophage, SsuYSJ17-3. ICESsuYSJ17 exhibited a mosaic structure and belongs to a highly prevalent and transferable ICESa2603 family of Streptococcus species. SsuYSJ17-3 shared conserved backbone to a transferable prophage m46.1. A novel composite transposon, IS1216E-araC-optrA-hp-catpC 194-IS1216E, which can be circulated as translocatable unit (TU) by IS1216E, was integrated on SsuYSJ17-3. Vancomycin resistance phenotype and vanG transcription assays revealed that the vanG operon was inducible. The LVR strain YSJ17 exhibited moderate virulence in a zebrafish infection model. To our knowledge, this is the first report of LVR isolate, which is mediated by acquired resistance genes optrA and vanG operons in Gram-positive bacteria. Since S. suis has been recognized as an antimicrobial resistance reservoir in the spread of resistance genes to major streptococcal pathogens, the potential risks of disseminating of optrA and vanG from S. suis to other Streptococcus spp. are worrisome and routine surveillance should be strengthened.

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First outbreak of linezolid-resistant vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in an Irish hospital, February to September 2014

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

Complete Genome Sequence of the Siphoviral Bacteriophage Ec-ZZ2, Which Is Capable of Lysing Enterococcus faecium

Complete Genome Sequence of the Siphoviral Bacteriophage Ec-ZZ2, Which Is Capable of Lysing Enterococcus faecium

Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Determinants, and Biofilm Formation of Enterococcus Species From Ready-to-Eat Seafood

Characterization of a Linezolid- and Vancomycin-Resistant Streptococcus suis Isolate That Harbors optrA and vanG Operons

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