First observation of direct methane emission to the atmosphere from the subglacial domain of the Greenland Ice Sheet

Christiansen, Jesper Riis; Jørgensen, Christian Juncher

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35054-7

Cited by 36 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Besides its application to investigate production from gas hydrate reservoirs as a function of rock properties and hydrate morphology, the proposed model can be used to study relative permeability of methane trapped under the ice sheets and glaciers (Archer, 2007;Wadham et al, 2012), which is critical to quantify the formation and release of such methane (Andrews, 2019;Lamarche-Gagnon et al, 2019) from large amounts of hydrates present in thick sedimentary basins beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet (Burns et al, 2018;Christiansen & Jørgensen, 2018;Lamarche-Gagnon et al, 2019). The need to procure core samples from such environmentally sensitive locations to investigate relative permeability can be partly overcome with the physics-enforced prediction capability of the proposed model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mechanistic Model for Relative Permeability of Gas and Water Flow in Hydrate‐Bearing Porous Media With Capillarity

Singh

Mahabadi

Myshakin

et al. 2019

Water Resources Research

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Lack of mechanistic models to describe petrophysical properties of mobile phases in gas hydrate‐bearing sediments is one of the key challenges in accurately predicting gas production. The major drawback of empirical models that are used to fit a relative permeability curve for mobile phases in gas hydrate‐bearing sediments is that they are based on experimental data, which are limited, and not able to account for hydrate morphology in pore space. This study proposes a relative permeability model that is mechanistic in nature and developed to account capillarity by building on the original nonempirical relative permeability model that assumes negligible capillary pressure. The proposed model implicitly accounts for capillarity with the help of four empirical parameters (two for each mobile phase) that incorporate each mobile phase pressure. It is shown that the proposed model provides an improved match to relative permeability data (derived from pore‐scale simulation of gas hydrate‐bearing sediments) than nonempirical relative permeability by accounting for the effect of capillary pressure. Additionally, unlike fully empirical models that can predict relative permeabilities reliably only at gas hydrate saturations for which experimental data are available, the proposed model only requires fitting the empirical parameters once with experimental data at any single gas hydrate saturation and then it can then be used to predict relative permeability at any gas hydrate saturation. The mechanistic nature of the proposed model allows studying relative permeability of hydrate‐bearing sediments as a function of hydrate morphology and wettability (fluid phase distribution) besides other physical parameters of the model (e.g., porosity, gas, and water residual saturation). Based on the sensitivity analysis of different hydrate morphologies on gas/water relative permeability, it is found that gas relative permeability is sensitive to hydrate morphologies, while water relative permeability shows little dependency on hydrate localization in pore space.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mechanistic Model for Relative Permeability of Gas and Water Flow in Hydrate‐Bearing Porous Media With Capillarity

Singh

Mahabadi

Myshakin

et al. 2019

Water Resources Research

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“…The measurements were done in the period between June 22 nd and 26 th 2018. A more detailed description of the study site at the GrIS is given in (Christiansen and Jørgensen, 2018).…”

Section: Field Site and Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is observed that a near identical response function can be obtained across the three different water vapor concentrations in the air, as long as the water concentration of the zero gas is the same as in the span gas. Based on existing knowledge of the expected air temperature variations at the in situ sampling point at the GrIS (Christiansen and Jørgensen, 2018), the humidity calibration was only carried out at a single temperature in this study. However, variations in the ambient air temperature is also expected to have a linear scaling effect for the type MOS system tested in this study (van den Bossche et al, 2017).…”

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the Arctic is generally considered a major global emitter of CH4 to the atmosphere, significant uncertainty exists to the seasonal dynamics and strength of both CH4 sources and CH4 sinks from both terrestrial and marine environments, as well as the cryosphere (Callaghan et al, 2011;Emmerton et al, 2014;Juncher Jørgensen et al, 2015;Pirk et al, 2017;Zona et al, 2016). Recently, a previously unknown source of CH4 emission to the atmosphere was identified where CH4 is emitted from meltwater originating in the subglacial domain of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) (Christiansen and Jørgensen, 2018;Lamarche-Gagnon et al, 2018;Wadham et al, 2019). The spatiotemporal https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-468 Preprint.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Continuous methane concentration measurements at the Greenland Ice Sheet-atmosphere interface using a low-cost low-power metal oxide sensor system

Jørgensen¹,

Mønster²,

Fuglsang³

et al. 2019

Preprint

Self Cite

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Abstract. In this paper, the performance of a low-cost and low-power methane (CH4) sensing system prototype based on a metal oxide sensor (MOS) sensitive to CH4 is tested in a natural CH4 emitting environment at the Greenland Ice sheet (GrIS). We investigate if the MOS could be used as a supplementary measurement technique for monitoring CH4 emissions from the GrIS with the scope of setting up a CH4 monitoring network along the GrIS. The performance of the MOS is evaluated on basis of parallel measurements using a CRDS reference instrument for v over a field calibration period of approximately 100 h. Results from the field calibration period show that CH4 concentrations measured with the MOS is in very good agreement with the reference CRDS. The absolute concentration difference between the MOS and the CRDS reference values within the measured concentration range of approximately 2–100 ppm CH4 were generally lower than 5 ppm CH4, while the relative concentration deviations between the MOS and the CRDS were generally below 10 %. Calculated mean bias error for the entire field calibration period was −0.05 ppm with a standard deviation of ± 1.69 ppm (n = 37 140). The results confirms that low-cost and low-power MOS can be effectively used for atmospheric CH4 measurements under stable water vapor conditions. The primary scientific importance of the study is that it provides a clear example on how the application of low cost technology can enhance our future understanding on the climatic feedbacks from the cryosphere to the atmosphere.

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“…Indirect observations and microcosm experiments suggest that microbial activity 51 has an impact on both subglacial and downstream environments; e.g. by catalysing weathering 52 reactions beneath the ice (Sharp et al, 1999, Mitchell et al, 2013, 53 Montross et al, 2013 or via the generation and build-up of subglacial methane reserves (Stibal 54 et al, 2012, Burns et al, 2018, Christiansen & Jørgensen, 2018 3 and weathering) also has the potential to inform on separate ecological niches present beneath 76 the ice (Tranter et al, 2002, Tranter et al, 2005. 77…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Meltwater runoff from the Greenland Ice Sheet reveals microbial consortia from contrasting subglacial drainage systems

Lamarche-Gagnon

Anesio

Wadham

et al. 2020

Preprint

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First observation of direct methane emission to the atmosphere from the subglacial domain of the Greenland Ice Sheet

Cited by 36 publications

References 23 publications

A Mechanistic Model for Relative Permeability of Gas and Water Flow in Hydrate‐Bearing Porous Media With Capillarity

A Mechanistic Model for Relative Permeability of Gas and Water Flow in Hydrate‐Bearing Porous Media With Capillarity

Continuous methane concentration measurements at the Greenland Ice Sheet-atmosphere interface using a low-cost low-power metal oxide sensor system

Meltwater runoff from the Greenland Ice Sheet reveals microbial consortia from contrasting subglacial drainage systems

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