First monolithic InP-based 90&amp;#x00B0;-hybrid OEIC comprising balanced detectors for 100GE coherent frontends

Kunkel, R.; Bach, H.-G.; Hoffmann, D.; Weinert, C.M.; Molina-Fernández, Í.; Halir, Robert

doi:10.1109/iciprm.2009.5012469

Cited by 35 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Please notice that this effect happens even under ideal square-law detection regime and it is only due to linear imbalances in the sixport junction and detector sensitivities, so it must not be confused with dynamic range limitations coming from higher order nonlinearities of power detectors as analyzed in [13]. This limitation will be of practical importance in optical communication receivers [6], where diode photodetector are intrinsically square law devices and thus dynamic range limitations are expected to appear due to six-port junction impairments.…”

Section: Symbol Constellation Distortion Due To Six-port Hardware Impmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since its introduction in 1994 [1] direct conversion six-port receivers have attracted a considerable attention at microwave frequencies [2][3][4] as they offer lower hardware complexity, lower local oscilator (LO) power, and higher bandwidth when compared with other alternatives that make use of active mixers. Besides, six-port based direct detection receivers are nowadays a hot topic in the optical community as they are the most promising candidates for modern 100 Gb/s coherent optical receivers [5][6][7]. Figure 1 shows the basic building blocks of a six-port receiver: the six-port passive junction and the four power detectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Signal Constellation Distortion and Ber Degradation Due to Hardware Impairments in Six-Port Receivers With Analog I/Q Generation

Moscoso-Mártir¹,

Molina-Fernández²,

Ortega-Moñux³

2011

PIER

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Abstract-Since its introduction in 1994 direct conversion sixport receivers have attracted a considerable attention at microwave frequencies, with most recent work focusing on the so called sixport receivers with analog I/Q generation. Besides its applications at microwave frequencies, six-port receivers with I/Q regeneration play a crucial role in the optical communications field, as they are the most promising candidates for optical coherent receivers that are being developed for 100 Gigabit Ethernet transceivers. In this paper we analytically model the influence of six-port junction hardware impairments on receiver performance. New analytical expressions are developed which give geometrical interpretation of signal constellation distortion due to hardware impairments and allow for the definition of several interesting figures of merit. Closed formulas are also proposed to analytically calculate BER degradation, under AWGN conditions, from these figures of merit. Finally, the proposed formulas are validated by means of simulation, and it is shown that they can be of practical interest to set the specifications of the six-port junction components.

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Section: Symbol Constellation Distortion Due To Six-port Hardware Impmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal Constellation Distortion and Ber Degradation Due to Hardware Impairments in Six-Port Receivers With Analog I/Q Generation

Moscoso-Mártir¹,

Molina-Fernández²,

Ortega-Moñux³

2011

PIER

Self Cite

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“…By means of a careful design, devices operating over the full C band while keeping low common-mode rejection ratios (CMRRs $ À20 dBe) and phase errors ðÁ err $ AE5 Þ have been demonstrated, both in InP and SOI technologies [5]- [13]. As a result, integrated coherent receiver modules with MMI-based 90 optical hybrids have already reached the commercial stage [7], paving the way for future high-performance PICs in next generation coherent optical communication systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Photonic Generation Ultrawideband Impulse Radio by Frequency Shifting in Remote-Connectivity Fiber

Beltrán

Llorente

2011

J. Lightwave Technol.

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A numerical study of the impact that manufacturing tolerances have on the performance of an InP 4 Â 4 MMI working as a 90 optical hybrid is presented, including simultaneous variations of width, thickness, and refractive index over the C and L bands. Simulation results for different figures of merit, such as optical common-mode rejection ratios (CMRRs) and phase errors, are provided for both nominal and worst case scenarios. Additionally, system simulations are performed to compute imbalance-induced power penalty. Our results indicate that the combined effect of realistic foundry tolerances on device performance is significant. In particular, a fourfold reduction is predicted between nominal ('40 nm) and worst cases ('10 nm) when optical CMRRs and phase errors are compared against Optical Internetworking Forum specifications. By contrast, a much greater bandwidth is expected at the system level (! 40 nm) if a power penalty of less than 1 dB ð@BER ¼ 10 À3 Þ is to be allowed. In fact, worst case power penalties lower than 0.25 dB are predicted over the full C band, which further proves the great potential of integrated 4 Â 4 MMIs as wide-bandwidth devices for mass production of coherent receivers using state-ofthe-art integration technologies.

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“…Monolithic integration of the full receiver is desired to reduce complexity and cost. Whereas monolithic integration of phase diversity and power detection subsystems has already been demonstrated, 4 integration of polarization diversity (comprising polarization splitters and/or rotators) is still challenging.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A general approach for robust integrated polarization rotators

Alonso-Ramos

Halir

Ortega‐Moñux

et al. 2013

Integrated Optics: Physics and Simulations

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Integrated polarization rotators suffer from very high sensitivity to fabrication errors. A polarization rotator scheme that substantially increases fabrication tolerances is proposed. In the proposed scheme, two tunable polarization phase shifters are used to connect three rotator waveguide sections. By means of properly setting the polarization phase shifters, fabrication errors are compensated and perfect polarization rotation is achieved. Analytical conditions are shown that determine the maximum deviation that can be corrected with the proposed scheme. A design example is discussed, where the thermo-optic effect is used to provide the required tunable polarization phase shifting. Calculated 40dB extinction ratio is shown in presence of fabrication errors that would yield a 4dB extinction ratio in the conventional approach.

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First monolithic InP-based 90°-hybrid OEIC comprising balanced detectors for 100GE coherent frontends

Cited by 35 publications

References 4 publications

Signal Constellation Distortion and Ber Degradation Due to Hardware Impairments in Six-Port Receivers With Analog I/Q Generation

Signal Constellation Distortion and Ber Degradation Due to Hardware Impairments in Six-Port Receivers With Analog I/Q Generation

Dual Photonic Generation Ultrawideband Impulse Radio by Frequency Shifting in Remote-Connectivity Fiber

A general approach for robust integrated polarization rotators

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