First Molecular Epidemiology Study of<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>in Burkina Faso

Godreuil, Sylvain; Torrea, Gabriela; Terru, Dominique; Chevenet, François; Diagbouga, Serge; Supply, Philip; Perre, Philippe Van de; Carrière, Christian; Bañuls, Anne‐Laure

doi:10.1128/jcm.01918-06

Cited by 71 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It was also observed in the same previous study (Cadmus et al, 2006) that 69% of the M. tuberculosis isolates were of the CAM family, compared to the present observation that 56% of M. tuberculosis strains which were spoligotyped were of the CAM family. The CAM family was also found in Burkina-Faso (Godreuil et al, 2007), Sierra Leone (Homolka et al, 2008), Niger, Ivory Coast as well as in several parts of Europe particularly France ) and they appear to be the dominant M. tuberculosis strain circulating in Nigeria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of human and animal tuberculosis in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria

Jenkins¹,

Cadmus²,

Venter³

et al. 2011

Veterinary Microbiology

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From 2005 to 2007, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) strains were isolated from cattle, goats and pigs samples collected at the Bodija abattoir and from human samples from tuberculosis patients and livestock traders at the Akinyele cattle market in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria. Seventy four isolates obtained from humans (24) and livestock (50) were identified as MTC strains. Thirty two isolates were spoligotyped. Nineteen of these 32 isolates were identified as M. tuberculosis whilst 13 were identified as Mycobacterium bovis. M. bovis was isolated from two humans, whereas M. tuberculosis was isolated from a bovine, a pig and a goat. All the M. bovis isolates identified in this study belonged to the Africa 1 clonal complex. Multiple locus VNTR [variable number of tandem repeats] analysis (MLVA) was carried out on the 74 isolates. Three major clusters were defined. Group A consisted of 24 M. tuberculosis isolates (MLVA genotypes 1-18). One strain was isolated from a bovine and one from a pig. Group B consisted of 49 M. bovis strains (MLVA genotypes 19-48), mainly of cattle origin but also included four goat, nine pig and two human isolates. Group C consisted of a single M. tuberculosis isolate (MLVA genotype 49) obtained from a goat. Spoligotyping and MLVA confirmed it as clustering with the East Africa Indian clade found in humans in Sudan and the Republic of Djibouti. The isolation of three M. tuberculosis strains from livestock raises the question of their epidemiological importance as a source of infection for humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of human and animal tuberculosis in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria

Jenkins¹,

Cadmus²,

Venter³

et al. 2011

Veterinary Microbiology

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“…The analysis also shows that M. africanum seems to be disappearing in Cameroon, a Central African country, unlike in West African countries, which continue to report between 20% and 39% of cases attributable to this species (7,(10)(11)(12)(13). Previous studies have raised potential limitations concerning the difficulties in isolating and identifying M. africanum due to metabolic constraints (14) and the bias that may have characterized studies that concluded that M. africanum was regressing in Africa (11).…”

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confidence: 91%

Population Dynamics of Tuberculous Bacilli in Cameroon as Assessed by Spoligotyping

et al. 2013

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T uberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of illness and death worldwide, especially in Africa and Asia (1). In Cameroon, the incidence of all clinical forms of tuberculosis is about 25,000 new cases per year (National Tuberculosis Programme [NTP] report no. 16, May 2011).The understanding of tuberculosis transmission dynamics and epidemiology has been greatly enhanced by molecular epidemiologic studies using various DNA typing techniques in conjunction with classical epidemiological approaches (2). These techniques exploit various DNA elements as markers to assess the overall dissemination of strains. One such method is spoligotyping, which analyzes DNA polymorphism observed in the spacer sequences found in the direct repeat (DR) locus of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) genome. This technique is simple, rapid, and robust and has the advantage of enabling simultaneous distinction between MTBC isolates at subspecies level. It also measures overall diversity, thus providing information about major lineages. Furthermore, an international database has been established for the purpose of comparison of MTBC spoligotypes (3).An initial retrospective study on the characterization of M. tuberculosis genotype strains collected in the Western Region of Cameroon was carried out between July 1997 and June 1998. This area was chosen by the NTP as a model to assess the impact of various interventions. The application of spoligotyping showed the striking regression of Mycobacterium africanum as an etiologic agent of tuberculosis from 50% in the 1970s to 9% in the 1990s (4). This study also showed the predominance of a group of strains named "Cameroon family" strains, representing 43% of tuberculosis cases and designated LAM-10 CAM in SpolDB4. Further analysis confirmed that the lack of spacers 22, 23, and 24 was the specific signature of this family due to the removal of IS6110 in the DR region (5).To further investigate the genetic diversity evolution and the dynamics of the dissemination of strains in the Western Region of Cameroon, spoligotyping was used to perform a retrospective analysis on a new collection of strains obtained during a 1-year survey (February 2004 to March 2005 to evaluate the impact of tuberculosis control on resistance to antituberculosis drugs, 7 years after the first study.Bacterial strains and spoligotyping. Bacterial strains used in this study were isolated at the Mycobacteriology Reference Laboratory of the Centre Pasteur of Cameroon from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the Western Region over a 1-year period (February 2004 to March 2005. All sputum smear-positive cases aged more than 15 years were included in the prospective survey. One sputum sample was collected from each patient in a transport medium solution (0.6% cetyl pyridinium bromide) and sent to the Mycobacteriology Reference Laboratory. Each sample was cultured on Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium and LJ medium supplemented with 0.4% pyruvate. We isolated 622 MTBC strains identified by biochemical and phenotypical methods: 25...

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“…M. bovis, M. tuberculosis or other) was not recorded. A more recent study from the same country [15] failed to find M. bovis in 120 samples of sputum that were positive for Mycobacterium spp., although it should be noted that most of the cases were from urban areas (where direct contact with cattle is less likely). A recent study from Mexico might also provide some evidence of aerosol transmission [16].…”

Section: Glossarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Public health and bovine tuberculosis: what's all the fuss about?

Torgerson¹,

Torgerson²

2010

Trends in Microbiology

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Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in UK cattle is increasing rapidly. Consequently, the UK Government is spending escalating sums of money in attempts at disease control. We propose that bTB control in cattle is irrelevant as a public health policy. In the UK, cattle-to-human transmission is negligible. Aerosol transmission, the only probable route of human acquisition, occurs at inconsequential levels when milk is pasteurised, even when bTB is highly endemic in cattle. Furthermore, there is little evidence for a positive cost benefit in terms of animal health of bTB control. Such evidence is required; otherwise, there is little justification for the large sums of public money spent on bTB control in the UK.

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First Molecular Epidemiology Study ofMycobacterium tuberculosisin Burkina Faso

Cited by 71 publications

References 27 publications

Molecular epidemiology of human and animal tuberculosis in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria

Molecular epidemiology of human and animal tuberculosis in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria

Population Dynamics of Tuberculous Bacilli in Cameroon as Assessed by Spoligotyping

Public health and bovine tuberculosis: what's all the fuss about?

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