First documented case of avian influenza (H5N1) virus infection in a lion

Chen, Quanjiao; Wang, Hanzhong; Zhao, L Q; Ma, Liping; Wang, Runkun; Lei, Yongsong; Li, Yong; Yang, Guoxiang; Chen, Jing; Chen, Guang; Li, Liqiang; Jin, Tao; Li, Jiandong; Liu, Xin; Xu, Xun; Wong, Gary; Liu, Lei; Liu, Yingxia; Shi, Weifeng; Bi, Yang; Gao, George F.

doi:10.1038/emi.2016.127

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Since 2008 viruses evolved in China, Southeast Asia forming the new clade 2.3.2.1, which gained high prevalence, gradually replacing clade 1 viruses, and were also transmitted to Europe. Clade 2.3.2.1 continued its evolution resulting in new, genetically diverse sub-clades (2.3.2.1a, b and c) [ 103 ], which are associated with sporadic, but fatal human infections in the last few years [ 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 ]. Currently, clade 2.3.2.1c viruses have become dominant in poultry throughout China, Cambodia, Laos, Indonesia, and Vietnam [ 103 ].…”

Section: Evolution and Epidemiology Of Iavmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Potential of Influenza A Viruses: A Comprehensive Overview

Mostafa

Mettenleiter

et al. 2018

Viruses

202

221

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Influenza A viruses (IAVs) possess a great zoonotic potential as they are able to infect different avian and mammalian animal hosts, from which they can be transmitted to humans. This is based on the ability of IAV to gradually change their genome by mutation or even reassemble their genome segments during co-infection of the host cell with different IAV strains, resulting in a high genetic diversity. Variants of circulating or newly emerging IAVs continue to trigger global health threats annually for both humans and animals. Here, we provide an introduction on IAVs, highlighting the mechanisms of viral evolution, the host spectrum, and the animal/human interface. Pathogenicity determinants of IAVs in mammals, with special emphasis on newly emerging IAVs with pandemic potential, are discussed. Finally, an overview is provided on various approaches for the prevention of human IAV infections.

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Section: Evolution and Epidemiology Of Iavmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Potential of Influenza A Viruses: A Comprehensive Overview

Mostafa

Mettenleiter

et al. 2018

Viruses

202

221

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“…The widespread circulation of clade 2.3.2.1c viruses in wild birds has facilitated their geographical dispersal, with clade 2.3.2.1c viruses reported in the Middle East, Europe and Africa [93–96]. Aside from avian species, this clade has also been detected in mammals, including big cats (a lion and tiger from China) [97,98] and humans (China: A/Hong Kong/6841/2010; Cambodia: A/Cambodia/Y0219302/2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of A(H5N1) clade 2.3.2.1c avian influenza viruses with evidence of reassortment in Cambodia, 2014-2016

et al. 2019

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In Cambodia, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) subtype viruses circulate endemically causing poultry outbreaks and zoonotic human cases. To investigate the genomic diversity and development of endemicity of the predominantly circulating clade 2.3.2.1c A(H5N1) viruses, we characterised 68 AIVs detected in poultry, the environment and from a single human A(H5N1) case from January 2014 to December 2016. Full genomes were generated for 42 A(H5N1) viruses. Phylogenetic analysis shows that five clade 2.3.2.1c genotypes, designated KH1 to KH5, were circulating in Cambodia during this period. The genotypes arose through multiple reassortment events with the neuraminidase (NA) and internal genes belonging to H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1a, clade 2.3.2.1b or A(H9N2) lineages. Phylogenies suggest that the Cambodian AIVs were derived from viruses circulating between Cambodian and Vietnamese poultry. Molecular analyses show that these viruses contained the hemagglutinin (HA) gene substitutions D94N, S133A, S155N, T156A, T188I and K189R known to increase binding to the human-type α2,6-linked sialic acid receptors. Two A(H5N1) viruses displayed the M2 gene S31N or A30T substitutions indicative of adamantane resistance, however, susceptibility testing towards neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir, lananmivir and peramivir) of a subset of thirty clade 2.3.2.1c viruses showed susceptibility to all four drugs. This study shows that A(H5N1) viruses continue to reassort with other A(H5N1) and A(H9N2) viruses that are endemic in the region, highlighting the risk of introduction and emergence of novel A(H5N1) genotypes in Cambodia.

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“…Infected birds can have high viral titres in various internal organs as well as in muscle tissue ( Rohani et al, 2009 ). As a result, H5N1 viruses have caused fatal infections in domestic dogs ( Songserm et al, 2006 ) and cats ( Kuiken et al, 2004 ), ferrets ( Bertran and Swayne, 2014 ), leopards ( Keawcharoen et al, 2004 ), tigers ( Hu et al, 2016 ; Keawcharoen et al, 2004 ), and lions ( Chen et al, 2016 ) when these mammals are fed with infected poultry carcases. While felids are not affected by most IAVs, intratracheal inoculation of H5N1 AVIs can cause a respiratory infection in cats ( Kuiken et al, 2004 ).…”

Section: Avian Influenza Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the potential of foodborne transmission of respiratory viruses

et al. 2021

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The ongoing pandemic involving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has raised the question whether this virus, which is known to be spread primarily though respiratory droplets, could be spread through the fecal-oral route or via contaminated food. In this article, we present a critical review of the literature exploring the potential foodborne transmission of several respiratory viruses including human coronaviruses, avian influenza virus (AVI), parainfluenza viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus, adenoviruses, rhinoviruses, and Nipah virus. Multiple lines of evidence, including documented expression of receptor proteins on gastrointestinal epithelial cells, in vivo viral replication in gastrointestinal epithelial cell lines, extended fecal shedding of respiratory viruses, and the ability to remain infectious in food environments for extended periods of time raises the theoretical ability of some human respiratory viruses, particularly human coronaviruses and AVI, to spread via food. However, to date, neither epidemiological data nor case reports of clear foodborne transmission of either viruses exist. Thus, foodborne transmission of human respiratory viruses remains only a theoretical possibility.

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First documented case of avian influenza (H5N1) virus infection in a lion

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

Zoonotic Potential of Influenza A Viruses: A Comprehensive Overview

Zoonotic Potential of Influenza A Viruses: A Comprehensive Overview

Diversity of A(H5N1) clade 2.3.2.1c avian influenza viruses with evidence of reassortment in Cambodia, 2014-2016

Exploring the potential of foodborne transmission of respiratory viruses

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