First detection of porcine norovirus GII.18 in Latin America

Cunha, Juliana Bragazzi; Mendonça, Marcos César Lima de; Miagostovich, Marize Pereira; Leite, José Paulo Gagliardi

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.12.013

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Since the first report of GII NoVs in pigs in the USA, other countries in Europe and Latin America have reported the presence of this genogroup in diseased and healthy pigs 8,14,18,19,25,26 . Detection of GII and GI NoVs in swine fecal samples, retail and imported raw meat samples 7,13,27 , has raised public health concerns about the zoonotic potential of porcine NoVs and the role of swine in the epidemiology of this infection, as a possible source of new viral recombinant strains that can be transmitted directly to humans 7,26,28 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unrevealed genetic diversity of GII Norovirus in the swine population of North East Italy

Cavicchio

Tassoni

Laconi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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noroviruses (noVs) are one of the major causative agents of non-bacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. NoVs, belonging to Caliciviridae, are classified into ten genogroups (G) and eight P-groups based on major capsid protein (VP1) and of the RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase (RdRp), respectively. In swine, the main genogroup and P-group identified are GII and GII.P; which can infect humans too. To date, only one case of GIIP.11 have been identified in swine in Italy while the circulation of other P-types is currently unknown. In the present study, 225 swine faecal samples were collected from 74 swine herds in Veneto region through on-farm monitoring. noV circulation was particularly high in older pigs. The phylogenetic analysis showed the co-circulation of NoVs belonging to two different P-types: GII.P11 and GII.P18, here described for the first time in Italy, presenting an extensive genetic diversity, never described before worldwide. Distinct noV genetic subgroups and unique amino acid mutations were identified for each P-type for the first time. This study demonstrated the co-circulation of diverse swine NoVs subgroups in Italy, raising questions on the origin of such diversity and suggesting that continuous monitoring of swine noVs is needed to track the emergence of potentially zoonotic viruses by recombination events. Food-and water-borne infections, which are mainly manifested with gastroenteritis in humans, represent a significant public health burden. Among food-borne viruses, Noroviruses (NoVs) are a leading pathogen, causing epidemic gastroenteritis cases worldwide 1. Low infectious dose, environmental resistance, strain diversity, and the shedding from asymptomatic persons, render human NoVs highly contagious pathogens. NoVs are transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food or water, either via the faecal-oral route or via airborne particles and contact with contaminated surfaces. NoV belongs to the Caliciviridae family, which includes small non-enveloped viruses of approximately 35 nm in diameter with single stranded positive RNA genome of 7.4-8.3 kb 2. Five genera: Vesivirus, Lagovirus, Sapovirus, Nebovirus and Norovirus as well as unassigned viruses are included in this family 3. Norovirus and Sapovirus genera contain human and animal enteric viruses. The NoV genome possesses 3 Open Reading frames (ORFs) encoding: a polyprotein (ORF1) that by protease processing produces six non-structural proteins, including a RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase (RdRp), a major capsid protein, VP1 (ORF2), and a minor one, VP2 (ORF3). NoVs are classified into ten genogroups (G) based on the variation of the major capsid protein (VP1), and are further divided into 49 genotypes 3. Due to the recombination events that occur between ORF1 and ORF2, a dual nomenclature based on VP1 and RdRp was recently proposed 3. Based on the RdRp sequence, NoVs are classified into eight P (polymerase)-groups and further divided into 60 P-types. Human NoV infections are caused by GI, GII, and GIV genotypes, with a higher frequency of ...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unrevealed genetic diversity of GII Norovirus in the swine population of North East Italy

Cavicchio

Tassoni

Laconi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…PoNoV genome was recovered from faecal samples of non-diarrhoeic finisher animals of pig farms located in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazilian Southeast region (Cunha et al 2010a). The same research group reported the first detection of PoNoV GII-18 strain in Latin America (Cunha et al 2010b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

High frequency of porcine norovirus infection in finisher units of Brazilian pig-production systems

Silva

Alfieri

Barry

et al. 2014

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Norovirus (NoV) is a member of the Caliciviridae family and is considered an emerging human enteric pathogen. NoVs are detected in farm animals such as cattle, sheep and pigs. Porcine NoV (PoNoV) is widespread worldwide, but frequency of infection is often low. This study aimed to investigate the natural PoNoV infection from adult animals of an important Brazilian pig-production region. Faecal samples (n = 112) of asymptomatic pigs aged 9 to 24 weeks old were collected from 16 grower-to-finish herds located in Paraná state, Brazilian Southern region, and evaluated for PoNoV presence. A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was performed using specific primers that target a conserved region of the virus capsid gene (VP1). PoNoV was detected in 58 (51.8%) of the 112 faecal samples and in 14 (87.5%) of the 16 herds evaluated. Six of the obtained amplicons were submitted to phylogenetic genotyping analysis. The higher nucleotide (86.5-97.4%) and amino acid (100%) similarities of the sequences in this study were with the representative strains of the porcine NoV genogroup II genotype 11 (PoNoV GII-11). These results reveal that PoNoV infection is endemic in one of the most important pork production areas of Brazil and that the PoNoV GII-11 is prevalent in this region.

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“…The genetic diversity of the RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase (RdRp) dictates the number of p-types [4]. NoVs detected in naturally infected pigs are classified as GII, which can also infect humans [5][6][7][8][9]. Since the first report of GII NoVs in pigs in the USA [10], other countries have reported the presence of this genogroup in diseased and healthy pigs [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of two divergent swine Noroviruses detected at the slaughterhouse in North East Italy

et al. 2020

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Norovirus (NoV) has emerged as one of the major causative agents of non-bacterial, food-and water-borne gastroenteritis in humans, with the main genogroup involved in human outbreaks (GII), which has been detected worldwide in different animal species including swine. A four-month investigation at the slaughterhouse aiming to examine the presence of NoV in the swine in North-Eastern Italy, enabled the detection of two divergent Noroviruses (NoVs) (GII.P11) in two swine farms. This represents the first study in the swine population of North-Eastern Italy, which has paved the way for future integrated virological and epidemiological investigations on swine NoVs.

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First detection of porcine norovirus GII.18 in Latin America

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

Unrevealed genetic diversity of GII Norovirus in the swine population of North East Italy

Unrevealed genetic diversity of GII Norovirus in the swine population of North East Italy

High frequency of porcine norovirus infection in finisher units of Brazilian pig-production systems

Identification of two divergent swine Noroviruses detected at the slaughterhouse in North East Italy

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