First detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus O/Ind-2001d in Vietnam

Self Cite

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an important transboundary disease with substantial economic impacts. Although between-herd transmission of the disease has been well studied, studies focusing on within-herd transmission using farm-level outbreak data are rare. The aim of this study was to estimate parameters associated with within-herd transmission, host physiological factors and FMD virus (FMDV) persistence using data collected from an outbreak that occurred at a large, organized dairy farm in India. Of 1,836 regularly vaccinated, adult dairy cattle, 222 had clinical signs of FMD over a 39-day period. Assuming homogenous mixing, a frequency-dependent compartmental model of disease transmission was built. The transmission coefficient and basic reproductive number were estimated to be between 16.2-18.4 and 67-88, respectively. Non-pregnant animals were more likely to manifest clinical signs of FMD as compared to pregnant cattle. Based on oropharyngeal fluid (probang) sampling and FMDV-specific RT-PCR, four of 36 longitudinally sampled animals (14%) were persistently infected carriers 10.5 months post-outbreak. There was no statistical difference between subclinical and clinically infected animals in the duration of the carrier state. However, prevalence of NSP-ELISA antibodies differed significantly between subclinical and clinically infected animals 12 months after the outbreak with 83% seroprevalence amongst clinically infected cattle compared to 69% of subclinical animals. This study further elucidates within-herd FMD transmission dynamics during the acute-phase and characterizes duration of FMDV persistence and seroprevalence of FMD under natural conditions in an endemic setting.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot‐and‐mouth disease virus transmission dynamics and persistence in a herd of vaccinated dairy cattle in India

Hayer

VanderWaal

Ranjan

et al. 2017

Self Cite

“…Secondly, some reported cases of FMD were misdiagnosed with other diseases (e.g. swine vesicular diseases and bovine viral diarrhoea virus)(Duong, Alenius, Huong, & Bjorkman, 2008;Liu, Li, Liang, Li, & Cui, 2019;Reid, Ferris, Hutchings, King, & Alexandersen, 2004;Vu et al, 2017) as approximately only 20%-30% of cases (expert opinion) were confirmed by national laboratories. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the national surveillance system with laboratory confirmation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal patterns and space‐time cluster analysis of foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) cases from 2007 to 2017 in Vietnam

Lee

Long

Wieland³

2019

In Vietnam, Foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) is endemic, but no nationwide studies have been conducted to assess the monthly variations and space‐time clusters of FMD. The main objective was to identify the temporal patterns and space‐time clusters of FMD from 2007 to 2017 using national surveillance data in Vietnam. A total of 163,733 cases were reported from 2007 to 2017. Among them, the proportion of buffaloes (43.31% of total reported cases; 70,909 cases) was highest followed by cattle (30.11%; 49,306 cases), pigs (26.67%; 43,662 cases) and sheep/goats (0.41%; 675 cases). The serotype O was widely distributed across the country while serotype A was observed in Northeast, Central and Southern part of Vietnam while Asia 1 has been not identified since 2007. For monthly variations, most cases were observed during the dry season (from November to March) except Central Highlands. Under the spatial window was set at 50%, a total of seven clusters were identified. The primary cluster was observed from Dec 2009 to Dec 2010 in the northwest (radius: 101.67 km), showing a ratio of 3.75. The secondary cluster was detected in the northeast region (radius: 76.54 km) with a ratio of 3.53 in Feb 2017. The 3rd cluster was the largest with a radius of 176.69 km and located in the southern part of Vietnam. Interestingly, the most temporal clusters included between December and March during the study period. Our findings provide better insight into the temporal patterns and distribution of clusters of FMD in Vietnam. This study provides useful information to policymakers on the hotspot areas and timing of outbreaks. It also identifies when and where national surveillance and control programmes could be implemented more efficiently for the prevention and control of FMD.

“…Mortalities were recorded mostly in lambs and kids; both of which had CFR values as high as 77%, while, in two cattle farms, CFR values for young calves ranged between 11% and 19%. In the Jordanian outbreak, sheep and goats were affected by FMD unlike what was reported in Vietnam, where the Ind2001d sublineage did not appear to cause an FMD‐related clinical outcome in sheep and goats (Vu et al, ). During the 2013 and 2015 FMD outbreaks of the Ind2001d sublineage in Saudi Arabia and Morocco, respectively, all samples collected were from cattle (WRLFMD, , ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

First detection of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus O/ME‐SA/ Ind2001e sublineage in Jordan

Ababneh

Hananeh

Ismail

et al. 2019

Foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious vesicular disease that is caused by the FMD virus (FMDV). This disease affects both wild and domestic cloven‐hoofed animals, and the latter of which includes cattle, swine, sheep and goats. FMD is endemic to Jordan and has a severe impact on the productivity of domestic livestock. In January 2017, FMD outbreaks were detected in different animal species across Jordan, resulting in high mortality rates among young lamb and goat populations as well as causing classic FMD symptoms in cattle. In this study, clinical specimens were collected from animals affected by FMD. The results obtained from sequencing the VP1 gene place the studied FMDV isolate within the FMDV O/ME‐SA/ Ind2001e sublineage. Phylogenetic analysis of VP1 suggests that the O/JOR/1/2017 isolate is very similar to that of viruses isolated from Saudi Arabia in 2016. The possible introduction of this strain to Jordan might occur through transboundary animal movement or other transmission routes from Saudi Arabia, a neighbouring country.