First detection of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus O/ME‐SA/ Ind2001e sublineage in Jordan

Abstract

Foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious vesicular disease that is caused by the FMD virus (FMDV). This disease affects both wild and domestic cloven‐hoofed animals, and the latter of which includes cattle, swine, sheep and goats. FMD is endemic to Jordan and has a severe impact on the productivity of domestic livestock. In January 2017, FMD outbreaks were detected in different animal species across Jordan, resulting in high mortality rates among young lamb and goat populations as well as causing classic FMD symptoms in cattle. In this study, clinical specimens were collected from animals affected by FMD. The results obtained from sequencing the VP1 gene place the studied FMDV isolate within the FMDV O/ME‐SA/ Ind2001e sublineage. Phylogenetic analysis of VP1 suggests that the O/JOR/1/2017 isolate is very similar to that of viruses isolated from Saudi Arabia in 2016. The possible introduction of this strain to Jordan might occur through transboundary animal movement or other transmission routes from Saudi Arabia, a neighbouring country.

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O Exhibits Phenomenal Genetic Lineage Diversity in India during 2018–2022

“…For the O/ME–SA/PanAsia-2/ANT10 sub-lineage, Pakistan had the highest root-state posterior probabilities of 0.99 ( Figure 4 ). The O/ME–SA/ind2001e lineage has been reported from Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Mauritius, China, South Korea, and Jordan during 2015–2018 [ 6 , 19 ]. The O/ME–SA/Ind2001e has firmly established itself outside of the Indian subcontinent, as this study further demonstrates.…”

“…For the O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2/ANT10 sub-lineage, Pakistan had the highest root-state posterior probabilities of 0.99 (Figure 4). The O/ME-SA/ind2001e lineage has been reported from Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Mauritius, China, South Korea, and Jordan during 2015-2018 [6,19] Within India, frequent exchanges of virus strains between the states were observed (Figure 5). The state of Karnataka and the UT of Jammu and Kashmir might have played an important role in seeding virus dissemination for O/ME-SA/Ind2001e and O/ME-SA/cluster-2018, respectively.…”

Common diseases of cattle in Jordan: A retrospective study (2015–2021)

“…In Jordan, only scattered scientific research studies could be cited in the literature that highlighted the prevalence of some important infectious animal diseases such as foot and mouth disease [ 5 ], brucellosis [ 6 ], lumpy skin disease [ 7 ], and leptospirosis [ 8 ]. Therefore, this retrospective study was conducted to report the frequencies and distribution of infectious and non-infectious diseases in cattle according to age, sex, and affected body system.…”

Common diseases of sheep (Ovis aries linnaeus) and goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) in Jordan: a retrospective study (2015-2021)

“…However, poor management, inconsistent sources of high-quality feed supplies, and diseases continue to cause dramatic losses (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2021). In Jordan, there are few published reports of a number of important infectious diseases in sheep and goats such as mastitis ( Hawari et al , 2014 ), foot and mouth disease ( Ababneh et al , 2020 ), brucellosis ( Musallam et al , 2015 ), sheep and goat pox ( Hailat et al , 1994 ), and peste des petits ruminants ( Al-Majali et al , 2008 ). However, scarce information could be cited regarding the incidence and epidemiology of non-infectious and management-related diseases.…”