First description of a cyanophage infecting the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina)

Jacquet, Stéphan; Zhong, Xu; Parvathi, Ammini; Ram, Anirudh

doi:10.1007/s10811-012-9853-x

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Individual virus morphotypes were identified, and measured using Axio Vision v4.7.1.0 (2008) (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). BS was estimated from the number of viruses present in phage-filled cells (i.e., burst state) as well as from the ratio between the maximum concentration of the free viruses measured after lysis over the maximum concentration of infected cells before cells lyse ( Jacquet et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Freshwater Cyanosiphovirus Harboring Integrase

et al. 2018

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Pelagic cyanobacteria are key players in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, and their viruses (cyanophages) potentially affect the abundance and composition of cyanobacterial communities. Yet, there are few well-described freshwater cyanophages relative to their marine counterparts, and in general, few cyanosiphoviruses (family Siphoviridae) have been characterized, limiting our understanding of the biology and the ecology of this prominent group of viruses. Here, we characterize S-LBS1, a freshwater siphovirus lytic to a phycoerythrin-rich Synechococcus isolate (Strain TCC793). S-LBS1 has a narrow host range, a burst size of ∼400 and a relatively long infecting step before cell lysis occurs. It has a dsDNA 34,641 bp genome with putative genes for structure, DNA packing, lysis, replication, host interactions, DNA repair and metabolism. S-LBS1 is similar in genome size, genome architecture, and gene content, to previously described marine siphoviruses also infecting PE-rich Synechococcus, e.g., S-CBS1 and S-CBS3. However, unlike other Synechococcus phages, S-LBS1 encodes an integrase, suggesting its ability to establish lysogenic relationships with its host. Sequence recruitment from viral metagenomic data showed that S-LBS1-like viruses are diversely present in a wide range of aquatic environments, emphasizing their potential importance in controlling and structuring Synechococcus populations. A comparative analysis with 16 available sequenced cyanosiphoviruses reveals the absence of core genes within the genomes, suggesting high degree of genetic variability in siphoviruses infecting cyanobacteria. It is likely that cyanosiphoviruses have evolved as distinct evolutionary lineages and that adaptive co-evolution occurred between these viruses and their hosts (i.e., Synechococcus, Prochlorococcus, Nodularia, and Acaryochloris), constituting an important driving force for such phage diversification.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Freshwater Cyanosiphovirus Harboring Integrase

et al. 2018

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“…The discovered phage was isolated from commercial culture ponds located in the South of France. On the basis of molecular and morphological characteristics, it was thought to be a member of the cyanopodovirus group, but finally, it appeared to be a very narrow host specific virus (Jacquet et al, 2013 ). Kaggwa et al ( 2013 ) and Peduzzi et al ( 2014 ) noticed morphological changes in Arthrospira fusiformis from African saline lakes connected with cyanophage infections.…”

Section: Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edible Cyanobacterial Genus Arthrospira: Actual State of the Art in Cultivation Methods, Genetics, and Application in Medicine

et al. 2017

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The cyanobacterial genus Arthrospira appears very conserved and has been divided into five main genetic clusters on the basis of molecular taxonomy markers. Genetic studies of seven Arthrospira strains, including genome sequencing, have enabled a better understanding of those photosynthetic prokaryotes. Even though genetic manipulations have not yet been performed with success, many genomic and proteomic features such as stress adaptation, nitrogen fixation, or biofuel production have been characterized. Many of above-mentioned studies aimed to optimize the cultivation conditions. Factors like the light intensity and quality, the nitrogen source, or different modes of growth (auto-, hetero-, or mixotrophic) have been studied in detail. The scaling-up of the biomass production using photobioreactors, either closed or open, was also investigated to increase the production of useful compounds. The richness of nutrients contained in the genus Arthrospira can be used for promising applications in the biomedical domain. Ingredients such as the calcium spirulan, immulina, C-phycocyanin, and γ-linolenic acid (GLA) show a strong biological activity. Recently, its use in the fight against cancer cells was documented in many publications. The health-promoting action of “Spirulina” has been demonstrated in the case of cardiovascular diseases and age-related conditions. Some compounds also have potent immunomodulatory properties, promoting the growth of beneficial gut microflora, acting as antimicrobial and antiviral. Products derived from Arthrospira were shown to successfully replace biomaterial scaffolds in regenerative medicine. Supplementation with the cyanobacterium also improves the health of livestock and quality of the products of animal origin. They were also used in cosmetic preparations.

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“…36 However, the capsid of Ac-KP1 and Ac-KP2, which infect A. circinalis, and cyanomyovirus Ay-KM1 which infects A. cylindrica are larger than previously recorded cyanophages infecting the filamentous, heterocystous cyanobacteria. 21,37,38 The head diameter difference between the two A. circinalis phages; Ac-KP1 and Ac-KP2, is 27 nm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%