Cyanophages infectingAnabaena circinalisandAnabaena cylindricain a tropical reservoir

Yeo, Bee Hui; Gin, Karina Yew-Hoong

doi:10.4161/bact.25571

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…PA-SR01 was isolated by adding the aliquots to an exponentially growing culture of Pseudanabaena strain KCZY-C8 in a 24-well microtiter plate and incubating at 25°C under low radiance (20 μmol photons m −2 s −1 ) with 12-h/12-h light/dark cycle for 14 days. Culture lysis was determined by a substantial decrease in optical density at 750 nm (OD 750 ) compared with control cultures ( 41 ). A clonal viral isolate was obtained by three rounds of extinction dilution ( 42 ) in 96-well microtiter plates with exponentially growing Pseudanabaena strain KCZY-C8.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of the First Freshwater Cyanophage InfectingPseudanabaena

Zhang

You

et al. 2020

J Virol

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Cyanobacteria are the major primary producers in both freshwater and marine environments. However, the majority of freshwater cyanophages remain unknown due to the limited number of cyanophage isolates. In this study, we present a novel lytic freshwater cyanophage PA-SR01 which was isolated from Singapore Serangoon Reservoir. To our knowledge, this is the first isolate of cyanophage that has been found to infect the cyanobacterium Pseudanabaena. PA-SR01 has a narrow host range, a short latent period and is chloroform sensitive. Distinct from the majority of cyanophage isolates, PA-SR01 has a tail-less morphology. It is a double-stranded DNA virus with a 137,012 bp genome. Functional annotation for the predicted open reading frames (ORFs) of PA-SR01 genome identified genes with putative function related to DNA metabolism, structural protein, lysis, host-derived metabolic genes and DNA packaging. Out of 166 predicted ORFs, only 17 ORFs have homology with genes with known function. Phylogenetic analysis of the major capsid protein and terminase large subunit further suggests that Phage PA-SR01 is evolutionary distinct from known cyanophages. Metagenomics sequence recruitment onto PA-SR01 genome indicates that PA-SR01 represents a new evolutionary lineage of phage which shares considerable genetic similarities with phage sequences in aquatic environments and could play key ecological roles. IMPORTANCE This study presents the isolation of the very first freshwater cyanophage PA-SR01 infecting Pseudanabaena and fills important knowledge gap on freshwater cyanophage as well as cyanophages infecting Pseudanabaena.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of the First Freshwater Cyanophage InfectingPseudanabaena

Zhang

You

et al. 2020

J Virol

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“…were infected with cyanophages or caption of images was before regeneration and assembly of the cyanophages within the cells. Literature on cyanophages is rather scarce (Sullivan et al 2003;Kuznetsov et al 2012;Yeo and Gin 2013;Jiang et al 2019; Zborowsky and Lindell 2019; Jaskulska and Mankiewicz-Boczek 2020), and we hope that our observation will encourage microbiologists to pay more attention to this aspect of the cyanobacterial life cycle. Additionally, we hope that microbiologists and virologists will collaborate more often in order to elucidate questions related to cyanobacteria-cyanophage interactions.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 74%

Comprehensive Investigation of a Toxic Microcystis sp. (Cyanobacteria) Collected from Snow Lake (New Mexico, USA).

Shalygin

Holguin

2021

Preprint

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The toxin producing cyanobacterium Microcystis sp. was collected in the mid October 2020 from the shallow waters of Snow Lake (New Mexico, USA). This species caused a visible bloom consisting of the pale green irregular macro colonies. Mass spectral analysis of the biomass revealed the presence of 4 derivatives of microcystin in that bloom: MC-LR (in the water and biomass), MC-RR (in biomass), MC-LY (in biomass), and MC-YR (in biomass).Next-generation sequencing allowed the retrieval of two Microcystis sequences in the bloom; which are molecular benchmarks for toxic Microcystis that may be used in future monitoring studies. Light microscopy provided evidence for the taxonomic affiliation of the found morphotype as Microcystis flos-aquae (Wittrock) Kirchner. However, molecular sequencing and the present situation in cyanobacterial taxonomy prevented affiliation of our morphotype to Microcystis flos-aquae, justifying following name – Microcystis sp. Confocal microscopy was used to determine the distribution of the cell content utilizing 3D stereo imaging. Emission spectra analysis identified the pigment composition and pigment distribution within the cells. SEM revealed 3D arrangement of the cells in the colonies, texture of the surface of the cells (perhaps dehydrated collapsed polysaccharides), F-layer and pili-like structures. Additionally, SEM/EDS analysis confirmed the F-layer using elemental composition analysis, which showed sulfur in the F-layer – typical element for that structure. Through the use of AFM, we analyzed the texture of the cell's surface and confirmed pili-like structures.

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“…Addition of different salts, such as sodium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium sulphate and EDTA, has been reported for increased detection sensitivity and larger plaques (Abd El Salam et al, ). A direct correlation between phage infectivity, plaque size and the concentrations of sodium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium sulphate and environmental factors has been documented (Yeo and Gin ; Abd El Salam et al, ). Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the impact of top agar concentration on the plaque size of algal phages.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Environmental algal phage isolates and their impact on production potential for food and biofuel applications

2019

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Aims: The United States Department of Energy is aiming to bring microalgal biofuels into commercial use by 2030 at the price of $3 per gasoline gallon equivalent. Large-scale production of biofuel faces many challenges including naturally occurring algal phages; and characterizing this threat is the aim of this study. Methods and Results: Bench-scale experiments were performed to study the impact of viral infectivity on the production of microalgal in bioreactors. All environmental samples were tested positive for algal phages which showed various levels of infectivity against Synechocystis PCC 6803 and the environmental isolates of microalgae. The viral attachment to algal cells was observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and to determine the shape and size of the viral particles. All the viruses detected were c. 50-60 nm icosahedral particles. Viral infection resulted in 48% reduction in the biomass of the infected algal culture in 22 days. Conclusions: This study has lead to the conclusion that the microalgal phages prevalent in natural environment may cause infections in broad range of microalgae used for biofuel production. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study has detected and quantified the phages that can infect algal populations in natural freshwater habitats and laboratory cultures of microalgal strains. The impact of viral threat to health of commercial algal production operations has been identified in this study.

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Cyanophages infectingAnabaena circinalisandAnabaena cylindricain a tropical reservoir

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Isolation and Characterization of the First Freshwater Cyanophage InfectingPseudanabaena

Isolation and Characterization of the First Freshwater Cyanophage InfectingPseudanabaena

Comprehensive Investigation of a Toxic Microcystis sp. (Cyanobacteria) Collected from Snow Lake (New Mexico, USA).

Environmental algal phage isolates and their impact on production potential for food and biofuel applications

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