First definition of burned choroid plexus in acidic cerebrospinal fluid‐filled brain ventricles during subarachnoid hemorrhage: Experimental study

Abstract

Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) acidosis is the most troubling complication in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) if carotid body (CB) networks are disrupted. However, histopathological examination of the choroid plexus (CP) in acidic CSF has not been evaluated so far. In this study, we aimed to investigate the CP in acidic CSF following SAH. Twenty‐eight rabbits were used. Five rabbits were used to analyze CB network (control group; n = 5); seven rabbits were injected 1 mL of saline (Sham group; n = 7); and the rest 16 rabbits were given 1 mL of autologous arterial blood inject into the cisterna magna to create SAH (SAH group; n = 16). Blood and CSF pH values were recorded before/during/after the experimental procedures. Nuclear darkening, cellular shrinkage and pyknosis suggested the presence of apoptosis of epithelial cells of CP. The densities of normal and degenerated epithelial cells of CPs were estimated using stereological methods. The relationship between the pH values and degenerated epithelial cell densities of CPs were statistically compared by Mann–Whitney U‐test. The pH values of blood were estimated as 7.359 ± 0.039 in the control group, 7.318 ± 0.062 in the Sham group, 7.23 ± 0.013 in the SAH group. CSF pH values were 7.313 ± 0.028 in the control group, 7.296 ± 0.045 in the Sham group, and 7.224 ± 0.012 in the SAH group. Degenerated epithelial cell density of CP was 25 ± 7 in the control group, 226 ± 64 in the Sham group, and 2115 ± 635 in the SAH group. There was a considerable link between CSF pH values and degenerated epithelial cells of CP (P < 0.0001). This study shows that CB insult causes acidosis of CSF as well as cellular degeneration of CP during SAH. This is the first description of this in the literature.

A Review of the Mysterious Roles of the Autonomic Ganglia Considered as Deep Intelligence Agency in the United States of the Brain

“… 4 Neurodegeneration of carotid bodies can also cause decreased cerebrospinal fluid acidosis-related ependymal cell degeneration and dangerous insult in the brain following subarachnoid hemorrhage. 5 Acidosis occurring as a result of carotid body damage during cervical trauma 6 or surgical interventions may lead to choroid plexus damage 7 . Carotid body injuries can cause respiratory disturbances and respiratory arrest during subarachnoid hemorrhage.…”

Destroyed thyroid by acidic blood during subarachnoid hemorrhage: Experimental study

“…All body fluid pH is mainly regulated by the Carotid body network [2]. Carotid body network injury is the most accountable factor for acidosis following SAH [3]. Binuclear neuronal denervation injury of the carotid body can result in decreased pH in all compartments.…”