First chitin extraction from Plumatella repens (Bryozoa) with comparison to chitins of insect and fungal origin

Kaya, Murat; Baublys, Vykintas; Šatkauskienė, Ingrida; Akyuz, Bahar; Bulut, Esra; Tubelytė, Vaida

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.04.066

Cited by 79 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The DW of the chitin content of insects has been reported for various species. The dry weight of chitin was reported to be 18 % in the wings of the cockroach Periplaneta americana (Kaya & Baran ), 15–20 % in the pupal exuvia of the silkworm Bombyx mori (Zhang et al ), 15 % in the beetle Holotrichia parallela (Liu et al ), 10.8 % in the green shield bug Palomena prasina (Kaya et al ), 8–8.5 and 6.5–7 % in the spiders Geolycosa vultuosa and Hogna radiata (Kaya et al ), and 5.3–8.9 % in a grasshopper species (Kaya et al ). In addition, the chitin content of cicada sloughs was 36.6 % (Sajomsang & Gonil ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of chitin and chitosan from the exoskeleton of adult two‐spotted field crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus)

Kim

Song

Han

et al. 2017

Entomological Research

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Chitin and chitosan were extracted from all specimens of Type I and II two-spotted field crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus) following chemical treatment with an acid and alkali. For chitin extraction, 2 N HCl and 1.25 N NaOH solutions were used to achieve demineralization and deproteinization, respectively. For chitosan extraction, 50 % NaOH (w/v) and 50 % NaOH (w/w) solutions were used to achieve deacetylation. Chitosan yielded from adult exoskeletons of G. bimaculatus in Test A of Type I was 1.76 and 8.40 % on a fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) basis, respectively, after treatment with 50 % NaOH (w/v) at 95°C for 3 h. Furthermore, the chitosan yielded in Test D of Type II was 1.79 and 7.06 % on FW and DW basis, respectively, after treatment with 50 % NaOH (w/w) at 105°C for 3 h. The average yield of chitin and chitosan was 2.42 and 1.65 % on a FW basis, and 10.91 and 7.50 % on DW basis, respectively. The deacetylation (%) of chitosan extracted from adult exoskeletons in Tests A, B, C1, C2, D1, and D2 were 81.2 %, 14.5 %, 19.6 %, 90.7 %, 17.1 %, and 95.5 %, respectively. The viscosities of the chitosans extracted from adult exoskeletons in Tests A, C2, and D2 were 32.0, 21.6, and 62.4 cP (centi Poise), respectively. The molecular weight of chitosan from adult exoskeletons of G. bimaculatus was 308.3 kDa. Our results indicate that adult exoskeletons of G. bimaculatus could be used as a source of chitin and chitosan for use as functional additives in industrial animal feeds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of chitin and chitosan from the exoskeleton of adult two‐spotted field crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus)

Kim

Song

Han

et al. 2017

Entomological Research

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“…2b and 3a; Additional file 3: Video S3). Cystid structures in the non-calcified Phylactolaemata are either gelatinous as in most of the larger forms (Pectinatellidae, Cristatelllidae, Lophopodidae) or sand-encrusted to chitinous in the smaller, rather branching representatives (Plumatellidae, Fredericellidae) [13, 31]. The ectocyst in S. hina is different from that of the above-mentioned taxa, and is probably best characterized as jelly-like.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The life of the freshwater bryozoan Stephanella hina (Bryozoa, Phylactolaemata)—a crucial key to elucidating bryozoan evolution

2016

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BackgroundPhylactolaemata is the earliest branch and the sister group to all extant bryozoans. It is considered a small relict group that, perhaps due to the invasion of freshwater, has retained ancestral features. Reconstruction of the ground pattern of Phylactolaemata is thus essential for reconstructing the ground pattern of all Bryozoa, and for inferring phylogenetic relationships to possible sister taxa. It is well known that Stephanella hina, the sole member of the family Stephanelllidae, is probably one of the earliest offshoots among the Phylactolaemata and shows some morphological peculiarities. However, key aspects of its biology are largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to analyze live specimens of this species, in order to both document its behavior and describe its colony morphology.ResultsThe colony morphology of Stephanella hina consists of zooidal arrangements with lateral budding sites reminiscent of other bryozoan taxa, i.e., Steno- and Gymnolaemata. Zooids protrude vertically from the substrate and are covered in a non-rigid jelly-like ectocyst. The latter is a transparent, sticky hull that for the most part shows no distinct connection to the endocyst. Interestingly, individual zooids can be readily separated from the rest of the colony. The loose tube-like ectocyst can be removed from the animals that produces individuals that are unable to retract their lophophore, but merely shorten their trunk by contraction of the retractor muscles.ConclusionsThese observations indicate that S. hina is unique among Phylactolaemata and support the notion that bryozoans evolved from worm-like ancestors. In addition, we raise several arguments for its placement into a separate family, Stephanellidae, rather than among the Plumatellidae, as previously suggested.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40851-016-0060-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Rudall, 1955;Jeuniaux, 1982;Muzzarelli, 1977;Rudall and Kenchington, 1973). To name but a few, ␣-chitin has been found in such diverse organism as bryozoans (Kaya et al, 2015a) and sponges (Ehrlich et al, 2007a,b), ␤-chitin in the chaetae of annelids (e.g. Lotmar and Picken, 1950;Rudall, 1955;Rudall and Kenchington, 1973) and all three forms in the peritrophic membranes of insects (Rudall and Kenchington, 1973) and in different parts of the squid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The presence of α-chitin in Tardigrada with comments on chitin in the Ecdysozoa

Greven

Kaya

Baran

2016

Zoologischer Anzeiger - A Journal of Comparative Zoology

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First chitin extraction from Plumatella repens (Bryozoa) with comparison to chitins of insect and fungal origin

Cited by 79 publications

References 31 publications

Production of chitin and chitosan from the exoskeleton of adult two‐spotted field crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus)

Production of chitin and chitosan from the exoskeleton of adult two‐spotted field crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus)

The life of the freshwater bryozoan Stephanella hina (Bryozoa, Phylactolaemata)—a crucial key to elucidating bryozoan evolution

The presence of α-chitin in Tardigrada with comments on chitin in the Ecdysozoa

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