The presence of α-chitin in Tardigrada with comments on chitin in the Ecdysozoa

Greven, Hartmut; Kaya, Murat; Baran, Talat

doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2016.06.003

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Wide centipede body parts are well suited to the creation of threedimensional chitin rings [145]. Chitin has also been isolated from poriferans [161], bryozoans [21], tardigrades [162], and insectivorous bat guano [19,20,162].…”

Section: Chitosan From Insect Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Various Sources of Chitin and Chitosan in Nature

Iber¹,

Kasan²,

Torsabo³

et al. 2022

Journal of Renewable Materials

128

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chitin was first discovered by its name from the Greek word "chiton", which means "mail coat". It is indeed a polysaccharide made up of naturally occurring acetyl-D-glucosamine monomers. Hatchett was the first researcher who extracted chitin from the shells of mollusks (crabs and lobsters), prawns, and crayfish in 1799. Later in 1811, Henri Braconnot discovered chitin in the cell walls of mushrooms and called it "fungine". Chitin and chitosan are abundant in the biosphere as essential components of many organisms' exoskeletons and as by-products of the global seafood industry. The biopolymer must be deacetylated before chitosan can be produced. It can also be extracted using microbes in a biological extraction procedure. The development of products that take advantage of the bioactivities of the existing primary commercial source of chitin (crustacean) has lagged expectations. Also, the disadvantages of the present commercial source such as seasonality and competition for other uses among others has been one of the driving forces towards seeking alternative sources of chitin and chitosan in nature. This review highlights some of the efforts made by environmental scholars to locate possible commercial sources of chitin and chitosan in nature over time.

show abstract

Section: Chitosan From Insect Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Various Sources of Chitin and Chitosan in Nature

Iber¹,

Kasan²,

Torsabo³

et al. 2022

Journal of Renewable Materials

128

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Notably, the body segments of large centipedes are suitable for the production of three‐dimensional chitin rings 62 . In addition, chitin has been extracted from poriferans, 66 bryozoans 67 and tardigrades 68 and from guano of insectivorous bats 69 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current state of chitin purification and chitosan production from insects

Hahn

Tafi

Paul

et al. 2020

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

209

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chitin, and especially its deacetylated variant chitosan, has many applications, e.g. as carrier material for pharmaceutical drugs or as a flocculant in wastewater treatment. Despite its versatility and accessibility, chitin, the second most abundant polysaccharide on Earth, has so far been commercially extracted only from crustaceans and to a minor extent from fungi. Insects are a viable alternative source of chitin, but they have not been exploited in the past due to limited availability. Today however, for the sustainable production of animal feed, insect farming is being developed substantially. The availability of large quantities of insect biomass and chitin-rich side products such as exuviae and exoskeletons has been increasing. This review provides an overview of recently published studies of chitin extraction from insects, its subsequent conversion into chitosan and the primary analytical methods used to characterize insect-based chitin and chitosan. We have discovered a large number of research articles published over the past 20 years, confirming the increased attention being received by chitin and chitosan production from insects. Despite numerous publications, we identified several knowledge gaps, such as a lack of data concerning chitin purification degree and chitosan yield. Furthermore, analytical methods used to obtain physicochemical characteristics, structural information and chemical composition meet basic qualitative requirements but do not satisfy the need for a more quantitative evaluation. Despite the current shortcomings that need to be overcome, this review presents encouraging data on the use of insects as an alternative source of chitin and chitosan in the future.

show abstract

“…Chitosan discovered by Rouget [1] is the world's second most abundant natural polymer after cellulose, mainly composed of 1,4-β-linked residues of glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. The primary source of commercial chitosan is substantial deacetylation of the parent polymer chitin, which is found in green algae, Zygomycetes class fungus cell walls, crustacean exoskeleton [2], Panarthropoda cuticle (Arthropoda, Onychophora, Tardigrada) [3], and Plumatella repens (Bryozoa) [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial and Hepatoprotective Effect of Chitosan Nanoparticles In-vitro and In-vivo Study

El-Shafei

Asaad

Elkhateeb

et al. 2021

JPRI

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nanotechnology has become an extensive area of study due to the peculiar properties of nanoparticles. Chitosan is considered the most promising material for future applications. The purpose of this study was to highlight the antimicrobial and hepatoprotective properties of Chitosan nanoparticles (CTS), as well as their efficacy against multidrug-resistant pathogens and various applications as a natural antioxidant in the biomedical field. CTS were prepared with or without surfactant (L—lecithin, Tween 80) based on inotropic gelation of chitosan with sodium alginate. The nanoparticle obtained displayed a spherical shape with a particle size ranging from 54.3±20.8 to 1256±16.8 nm, zeta potential ranging from 24±1.2 to 30.8±1.1 mV, and polydispersity index ranging from 0.274±0.09 to 0.553±0.06. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) calculations were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of CTS against four human pathogens: Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633, Staphylococcus aureus NRRLB-767, Escherichia coli ATCC25955, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC101455. The MIC values were 156.3, 39.4, 78.1, and 78.1 ug/mL, while the MBC values were 500,156.3, 312.5, and 312.5 ug/mL, respectively. S.aureus was the most susceptible, while B. subtilis was the most resistant. The hepatoprotective effect was determined by measuring antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and inflammatory biomarkers, histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. Hepatoprotective results showed a remarkable ameliorative effect against hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4.

show abstract

The presence of α-chitin in Tardigrada with comments on chitin in the Ecdysozoa

Cited by 20 publications

References 46 publications

A Review of Various Sources of Chitin and Chitosan in Nature

A Review of Various Sources of Chitin and Chitosan in Nature

Current state of chitin purification and chitosan production from insects

Antimicrobial and Hepatoprotective Effect of Chitosan Nanoparticles In-vitro and In-vivo Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About