First case of sepsis by Ignatzschineria in Spain associated with myiasis. Description of a case and review of the literature

Sepsis Due to Ignatzschineria ureiclastica Caused by Maggot-Infested Wounds in a Homeless Man in Germany: a Case Report

“…Combined microbiological and entomological research is needed to determine Ignatzschineria's pathogenicity and geographic distribution. Antibiotic treatment with beta-lactam antibiotics showed favorable results in our case as well as the cases reported in the literature [2][3][4][6][7][8].…”

“…Subsequent subcultures could be propagated aerobically and anaerobically. The pathogen could only be correctly identified using 16S rRNA amplification as Ignatzschineria spp.-excluding the case from Rodríguez-Zúñiga, where MALDI-TOF MS proved to be successful to identify I. indica [8], likely due to an updated database of the manufacturer. This case highlights the importance of 16S rRNA amplification and sequencing when commercial-automated devices lead to indecisive results.…”

“…Myiasis-maggot infestation of a live body-is most commonly found in domestic sheep, but rarely seen in humans with chronic wounds. Recent case reports described an association between maggot infestation and bloodstream infections in humans by gram-negative rod bacteria, which could later be identified as Ignatzschineria species by 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing after matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was unsuccessful [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] (excluding one case [8]). The Ignatzschineria genus is composed of three species (I. indica, I. larvae, and I. ureiclastica) living as a gut-associated bacteria in larvae and adult forms of flesh flies, of which mostly Wohlfahrtia magnifica was described as vector for the pathogen [9].…”

A case of sepsis due to a rare carbapenem-resistant Ignatzschineria species

“…Ignatzschineria bacteremia is often associated with poor living or working conditions, alcoholism, open wounds/ulcers, and peripheral vascular disease [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] . It was reported that this patient had been living in poor conditions in a basement and had also shown behaviors of self-neglect both of which predisposed him to myiasis and therefore Ignatzschineria infection.…”

“…The organism identified in this case was determined to be most genetically similar to I. larvae and I. ureiclastica, both of which are rarer when compared to I. indica . While there have been 11 cases of I. indica reported, there have been only three cases of I. larvae and two cases of I. ureiclastica [1] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [13] , [15] , [16] , [18] , [20] , [21] . In addition, I. indica is the only species to have been reported in North America [7] , [8] , [10] , [11] , [15] , [17] , [20] .…”