First case of mixed infection with Cryptococcus deuterogattii and Cryptococcus neoformans VNI in an Ivorian HIV-positive patient

Kassi, F.K.; Bellet, Virginie; Doumbia, A.; Krasteva, Donika; Drakulovski, Pascal; Kouakou, G.; Gatchitch, François; Delaporte, Éric; Reynes, Jacques; Mallié, M.; Menan, Hervé; Bertout, Sébastien

doi:10.1099/jmmcr.0.005037

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…URA5-RFLP and M13 PCR fingerprinting profile of one entire culture confirmed that the sample contained two different species, C. deuterogattii and C. neoformans VNI. 16 Interestingly, URA5-RFLP, M13 analysis and (GACA) 4 profiles associated with (GTG) 5 showed a high degree of polymorphism between isolates. These techniques generated 140 different genotypes grouped into 56 major molecular types (i.e.…”

Section: Serotyping and Genotypingmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Just one patient (53) had five isolates and one patient (57) had four.Repartition of the 56 major molecular types for the 363 studied isolates. Twenty-four patients(2,3,14,16,21,23,29,30,32,33,34, 35, 38, 42, 45, 47, 48, 51, 52, 54, 58, 59, 60, 61) exhibited Cryptococcus species with 2 to 4 different major molecular types in the same sample. The patient 19 was infected with two isolates with high flucytosine MICs (16 μg mL −1 ).…”

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confidence: 98%

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Molecular epidemiology reveals genetic diversity among 363 isolates of the Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complex in 61 Ivorian HIV‐positive patients

Kassi

Drakulovski

Bellet

et al. 2016

Mycoses

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Cryptococcal meningitis is a severe opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients. In Ivory Coast, despite the availability of antiretroviral treatment (ART), this infection is still prevalent. The study investigates the genetic diversity of 363 clinical isolates of Cryptococcus from 61 Ivorian HIV-positive patients, the occurrence of mixed infections and the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of the isolates. Serotyping was performed via LAC1 and CAP64 gene amplification. Genotyping was performed using the phage M13 core (GACA) and (GTG) primers and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the URA5 gene. By PCR fingerprinting, the presence of the three serotypes were demonstrated among the 363 isolates in the population studied: A (n=318; 87.6%), AD (n=40; 11%) and B (n=4; 1.1%). Using PCR fingerprinting with primers M13 (GACA) and (GTG) , we grouped the isolates into 56 molecular subtypes. We observed a high frequency (39.3%) of mixed infections, with up to two different genotypes per sample. None of the isolates were resistant to amphotericin B. Only 0.3% and 1.1% of the isolates were resistant to fluconazole and flucytosine respectively. This study revealed the high genetic diversity among Cryptococcus isolates, the occurrence of mixed infections and a high antifungal susceptibility for the majority of Ivorian cryptococcal isolates.

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Section: Serotyping and Genotypingmentioning

confidence: 95%

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confidence: 98%

Molecular epidemiology reveals genetic diversity among 363 isolates of the Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complex in 61 Ivorian HIV‐positive patients

Kassi

Drakulovski

Bellet

et al. 2016

Mycoses

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“…To determine the molecular type, four primers designed for cloning LAC1 and a pair of primers for CAP64 22 were used in a slightly modified method as previously described 21,23 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocus sequence typing of strains from the Cryptococcus gattii species complex from different continents

Bellet

Roger

Krasteva

et al. 2021

Mycoses

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Background Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complexes are pathogens causing cryptococcal meningitis, a fungal infection that leads to death unless treated. Worldwide, it is estimated to kill over 180,000 individuals annually. Objectives We aim to investigate the molecular diversity of C. gattii isolates from strains isolated from 1995 to the present day from different continents. Method In this study, we analysed the molecular diversity by MLST and antifungal susceptibility by using the broth microdilution method according to the CLSI M27‐A4 protocol of a total of 26 strains from Cryptococcus gattii species complex from both clinical and environmental sources. Results Genotyping showed that most of the strains (17/26; 65.4%) belonged to serotype B and were distributed between three genotypes: VGI (13/17; 76.5%), VGII (3/17; 17.6%) and VGVI (1/17; 5.9%). The serotype C strains (9/26; 34.6%) were distributed between the VGIII (1/9; 11.1%) and VGIV (8/9; 88.9%) genotypes. The 26 strains belonged to 17 different MLST subtypes, and we highlight four new MLST genotypes (ST553, 554, 555 and 556). The two environmental strains were identified as serotype B and genotype VGI, but were of ST 51 and 154. All isolates have wild‐type MIC of fluconazole and flucytosine. Regarding amphotericin B, five VGI strains showed MICs to AMB equal to 1 µg/ml, and according to the ECV for these genotypes, they were considered non‐wild‐type strains. Conclusions The current study reveals the genetic diversity and new sequence types among strains from the C. gattii complex species.

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“…The frequency of the MATα suggests it may confer an environmental and clinical advantage. Genetic studies have also shown that clinical isolates are more diverse and include the isolation of the rare environmental mating-type, MATa [103,123,124].…”

Section: Tolerance To the Limitation Of Nutrients And Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Factors That Contribute to the Maintenance of Cryptococcus neoformans Pathogenesis

et al. 2020

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The ability of microorganisms to colonise and display an intracellular lifestyle within a host body increases their fitness to survive and avoid extinction. This host–pathogen association drives microbial evolution, as such organisms are under selective pressure and can become more pathogenic. Some of these microorganisms can quickly spread through the environment via transmission. The non-transmittable fungal pathogens, such as Cryptococcus, probably return into the environment upon decomposition of the infected host. This review analyses whether re-entry of the pathogen into the environment causes restoration of its non-pathogenic state or whether environmental factors and parameters assist them in maintaining pathogenesis. Cryptococcus (C.) neoformans is therefore used as a model organism to evaluate the impact of environmental stress factors that aid the survival and pathogenesis of C. neoformans intracellularly and extracellularly.

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First case of mixed infection with Cryptococcus deuterogattii and Cryptococcus neoformans VNI in an Ivorian HIV-positive patient

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Molecular epidemiology reveals genetic diversity among 363 isolates of the Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complex in 61 Ivorian HIV‐positive patients

Molecular epidemiology reveals genetic diversity among 363 isolates of the Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complex in 61 Ivorian HIV‐positive patients

Multilocus sequence typing of strains from the Cryptococcus gattii species complex from different continents

Environmental Factors That Contribute to the Maintenance of Cryptococcus neoformans Pathogenesis

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