2021
DOI: 10.1007/s11528-021-00648-y
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First and Second Order Barriers to Teaching in K-12 Online Learning

Abstract: While an extensive literature base has focused on online learning, fewer studies have explored the unique implementation challenges in K-12 education. This case study addresses this gap by exploring how an urban, diverse school migrated to a fully online format through the lens of the first- and second-order barriers framework. In terms of first-order barriers, the study highlights the importance of (a) time needed to design and adapt instructional materials, (b) accountability within an online format, and (c)… Show more

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Cited by 30 publications
(20 citation statements)
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“…Online learning at home is a challenge for teachers, students, and parents due to the fact that some teaching strategies used in face-to-face learning environments cannot be directly applied to online learning environments [ 56 , 57 ]. Moreover, a quick network, technical support, and hardware facilities which are needed to support the online learning environment may not be available for every family.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Online learning at home is a challenge for teachers, students, and parents due to the fact that some teaching strategies used in face-to-face learning environments cannot be directly applied to online learning environments [ 56 , 57 ]. Moreover, a quick network, technical support, and hardware facilities which are needed to support the online learning environment may not be available for every family.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…During home-based online learning, parents need to provide technical, emotional, and academic support for their children. One reason why parents held a negative attitude towards online learning is that they thought their children’s online learning, including the children’s health development, had not received enough attention from teachers [ 56 , 57 ]. For parents, perceived stress and negative parenting emotions were reduced when they perceived adequate support from school or teachers and perceived that their children’s learning was manageable [ 59 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Some of the obstacles experienced by researchers are the first, the limited time to study in class. Teachers need sufficient and flexible time to teach science to students (Tan, 2018) and time has an important role in learning, especially if it is integrated with technology (Tawfik et al, 2021). The second obstacle is the students' lack of concentration on the teacher's explanation because of the games on the students' gadgets.…”
Section: ▪ Results and Disscussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Poor handling of the problem could lead to a decrease in the quality of education (Sarwanto et al, 2021). Research conducted by Vandenhouten et al (2017) and Tawfik et al (2021) find that the application of real-world problems in the classroom is an effective strategy for developing students' mathematical critical thinking and problem solving skills. One learning model that involves students in problem solving in the real world is Problem Based Learning (PBL).…”
Section:  Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%