Firms persistence under sanctions:<scp>Micro‐level</scp>evidence from Iran

Cheratian, Iman; Goltabar, Saleh; Farzanegan, Mohammad Reza

doi:10.1111/twec.13378

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 115 publications

(115 reference statements)

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“…In the manufacturing industry, 69 % of Russian companies reported the impact of sanctions in 2022, and slightly more than half of them reported the negative nature of this impact [27], that is, there were also companies that either did not feel or assessed the impact as positive. At the same time, longterm consequences for these companies are associated with decreased access to new technologies and increased cost of technological re-equipment, which was observed in Iran [28].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sanctions risks and regional development: Russian case

Zemtsov

2024

Balt. Reg.

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Economic sanctions and countersanctions are expanding worldwide, posing spatially heterogeneous threats to most countries. The study aims to develop and test a methodology for assessing regional exposure to sanctions risks using Russian data. The share of foreign trade with the countries that introduced restrictions can be used to evaluate the exposure to new trade barriers. In several cases, this share exceeded 50 %, necessitating a rapid reorientation of product flows in Nenets, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Areas, Komi, and Murmansk region. The Kaliningrad, Kaluga, and Leningrad regions exhibit high import dependence in the production sector, particularly in the automotive industry, due to their active involvement in global supply chains. Sanctions against large legal entities created risks for the stability of regional economies but the increase in demand for domestic products offset this impact. Foreign enterprises exiting the market posed risks of disrupting production chains but also provided opportunities for local business development. Before some countries introduced sanctions, their companies had held more than 20 % of the market share in Kaluga, Moscow region, and the city of Moscow. However, the share of foreign firms that announced complete withdrawal exceeded 5 % of the market only in the Komi, Samara, Leningrad, and Moscow regions. An integral index of exposure was proposed based on the mentioned indicators. Its value is lower for the regions with a more diversified economy and foreign trade. The greatest risks were observed in the closely connected to the European Union northwestern territories of Russia: Karelia, Komi, Kaliningrad, Leningrad, and Arkhangelsk regions. In 2022, regions with a high index value were more likely to experience a decline in economic activity, but in 2023, this impact was less explicit due to economic adaptation and transformation. Based on the results of the study, some recommendations can be formulated.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sanctions risks and regional development: Russian case

Zemtsov

2024

Balt. Reg.

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“…Targets may opt for more resistance by increasing reliance on domestic economy and replacing the affected external trade with more internal activity. Cheratian, Goltabar, and Farzanegan (2023) explain strategies that Iranian firms select to make sanctions less effective.…”

Section: Framework and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2021); Dizaji (2019); (2021); Demir and Tabrizy (2022); Cheratian, Goltabar, and Farzanegan (2023); Farzanegan and Hayo (2019); Farzanegan, Khabbazan, and Sadeghi (2016); Ghasseminejad and Jahan-Parvar (2021); Ghomi (2022)) and other general studies on sanctions such as (Mulder 2022;Hess 2023;Mcdowell 2023;Farrell and Newman 2023;Demarais 2022;Dizaji and Murshed 2024;Dizaji 2022;Bergeijk 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Impact of Us Trade Sanctions on the Global Trade of Target Countries: Do the Political Institutions of the Targets Matter?

Dizaji,

Farzanegan

2024

SSRN Journal

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“…Например, A. Y. Farani Некоторым исключением из общего корпуса текстов об иранском малом и среднем предпринимательстве являются работы [21][22][23][24]. A. R. Benis оценил влияние МСП на экономический рост ИРИ, показав, что их создание и деятельность положительно влияют на основные показатели экономики провинций 3 .…”

Section: Economics and Management: Theory And Pr Acticeunclassified

“…Большой интерес представляет оценка факторов устойчивости иранских МСП под санкциями [22]. По данным опроса 486 фирм в 2019-2020 гг.…”

Section: Economics and Management: Theory And Pr Acticeunclassified

Specifics of Entrepreneurial Activities in the Sub-Sanctioned Resource Economy of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Leukhova

Korchagina

2023

Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic Sciences

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In the new conditions, it is necessary to rethink the concepts and models of various subsystems of the national economy’s activity, including small and medium-sized businesses, which makes study of the experience of the Islamic Republic of Iran as a resource country facing a high level of economic sanctions relevant. The aim of the article is to identify the features of the small and medium-sized enterprises’ activities of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The authors use methods of economic analysis, system-structural approach. The article establishes that the criterion for the classification of small and medium-sized enterprises is only the number of employees. Due to high inflation, the criteria of revenue and assets are not applied, industry affiliation is not taken into account. A significant proportion of small and medium-sized enterprises develop by replacing inaccessible goods and technologies, which leads to them having certain features. Firstly, small and medium-sized enterprises provide up to a third of the GDP of the Islamic Republic of Iran. At the same time, the falling behind of small and medium-sized enterprises in labor productivity is lower than in countries with mature market economies. Under the sanctions, a significant part of small and medium-sized enterprises of the Islamic Republic of Iran produce alternative imported products with high added value within the framework of small-scale production. However, the export potential of these products is limited. The specific ways of supporting small and medium-sized enterprises include the focus on the value chains creation (rather than the establishment of new enterprises) and the development of subcontract relations.

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Firms persistence under sanctions:Micro‐levelevidence from Iran

Cited by 18 publications

References 115 publications

Sanctions risks and regional development: Russian case

Sanctions risks and regional development: Russian case

The Impact of Us Trade Sanctions on the Global Trade of Target Countries: Do the Political Institutions of the Targets Matter?

Specifics of Entrepreneurial Activities in the Sub-Sanctioned Resource Economy of the Islamic Republic of Iran

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