Firearm-Related Injuries and Deaths in Children and Youth

Abstract

Firearms are the leading cause of death in children and youth 0 to 24 years of age in the United States. In 2020, firearms resulted in 10,197 deaths (fatality rate 9.91/100,000 youth 0-24 years old). Firearms are the leading mechanism of death in pediatric suicides and homicides. Increased access to firearms is associated with increased rates of firearm deaths. Substantial disparities in firearm injuries and deaths exist by age, gender, race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation and gender identity and for deaths related to legal intervention. Barriers to firearm access can decrease the risk to youth for firearm suicide, homicide, or unintentional shooting injury and death. Given the high lethality of firearms and the impulsivity associated with suicidal ideation, removing firearms from the home or securely storing them—referred to as lethal means restriction of firearms—is critical, especially for youth at risk for suicide. Primary care-, emergency department-, mental health-, hospital-, and community-based intervention programs can effectively screen and intervene for individuals at risk for harming themselves or others. The delivery of anticipatory guidance coupled with safety equipment provision improves firearm safer storage. Strong state-level firearm legislation is associated with decreased rates of firearm injuries and death. This includes legislation focused on comprehensive firearm licensing strategies and extreme risk protection order laws. A firm commitment to confront this public health crisis with a multipronged approach engaging all stakeholders, including individuals, families, clinicians, health systems, communities, public health advocates, firearm owners and nonowners, and policy makers, is essential to address the worsening firearm crisis facing US youth today.

Fractures in Children Due to Firearm Activity

“…We noted that powder firearms were responsible for the majority of the fractures in the ≤5 and 11–16-year-old groups (78.7% and 67.1%) but only 44.1% for the non-powder firearm group ( Figure 3 e) and that the majority (63.3%) of those in the ≤5-year-old group occurred at home ( Figure 6 ). This confirms and supports the need for firearms in the home to be safely stored and locked and away from children [ 44 , 45 , 46 ]. It has been estimated that even in 2020 that 4.6 million US children live in homes with at least one loaded and unlocked firearm [ 47 ].…”

Trends in Adolescent Firearm-Related Injury: A Time Series Analysis

“…Our findings Unintentional injuries to young children are unspeakably tragic, but strategies have been developed to address the upward trend we observed. 1 Our results depict that unintentional injuries were disproportionately burdensome to younger adolescents. In addition to legislative forms of primary prevention, studies have shown secondary prevention strategies, such as anticipatory guidance with parents, safe-storage counseling, and provisions of firearm safes or lockboxes, to be effective in reducing FRI in youth and young adults.…”

Gun Violence and Risk to Children and Youth in the United States

“…In December 2022, the American Academy of Pediatrics published a policy statement on firearm-related injuries and deaths in children and youth and offered strategies for injury prevention and harm reduction (Lee et al, 2022b). Pediatric nurses have many interactions with children, youth, and their families.…”