“…Firearm-related risks and substance use are often treated independently; however, firearm-related risks intersect with alcohol and illicit drug use in multiple ways (Branas, Han, & Wiebe, 2016; Buschmann, Prochaska, Baillargeon, & Temple, 2017; Dittmer, Davenport, Oyler, & Bernard, 2021; Lu & Temple, 2020). For example, both impact younger adults (18–30 years old) at higher rates and early involvement in either is associated with negative outcomes in later adulthood (Everytown for Gun Safety, 2020; Grant et al, 2006; Moss, Chen, & Yi, 2014; Parsons, Thompson, Vargas, & Roco, 2018; Teplin et al, 2021).…”