Fire ventilation

Tewarson, A.; Steciak, Judi

doi:10.1016/0010-2180(83)90011-1

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“… where combustion was observed further away from the fuel surface, and no change on MLR was observed. This is also consistent with the observation made by Tewarson and Steciak where they show an increase in flame height with a decrease in oxygen concentration. The results by Xin and Khan where the peak chemical HRR does not change with oxygen concentration for the horizontal configuration is deviating from the other results.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Advantages and challenges with using hypoxic air venting as fire protection

Nilsson

Hees

2013

Fire and Materials

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The use of hypoxic air venting system as fire protection is increasing and is sometimes used to replace traditional extinguishing systems. An oxygen level of 15% is generally used because a lower concentration could pose serious health risks. On the request of the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority, a literature review was conducted to determine advantages and challenges with the system and further research needs. The main advantages with a reduced oxygen environment are the reduced probability of ignition and lowered heat release rate. However, at 15% oxygen level, risk for fire still exists, and the system cannot be seen as an alternative to extinguishing systems. Reduced oxygen environment also results in higher production rates of soot and smoke, and there is limited knowledge regarding the effect of fuel configuration and fire behavior of products. In addition, a first evaluation of the test method specified in the hypoxic air venting standards was carried out through testing. The testing showed that the particleboard passed the test criteria at normal atmosphere even though it is commonly known that a particleboard burns in normal air. It is concluded that the test method has deficiencies, and there is clearly a need for development of the test method to guarantee safety levels.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Advantages and challenges with using hypoxic air venting as fire protection

Nilsson

Hees

2013

Fire and Materials

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“…Also Table 1 from Tewarson and Steciak [8] indicates that Y(CO) for PMMA increases from 0.010 to 0.015 as the 02 concentration decreased from 22% to 16.5%, though in this case the equivalence ratio is high, 0.7, and ventilation limited effects are also expected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Effect Of Oxygen Concentration On Co And Smoke Produced By Flames

Mulholland¹,

Janssens²,

Yusa³

et al. 1991

Fire Saf. Sci.

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A modified cone calorimeter with an enclosure has been developed for measuring the yield of combustion products including CO and smoke under vitiated conditions. The CO yields of methane, propane, PMMA, ABS, polyethylene, and Douglas fir are found to increase by at least a factor of two as the oxygen concentration is decreased from 21% to 14%, while the smoke yields are found to be insensitive to vitiation for the solid materials (less than 30% change).Results for air vitiated separately by nitrogen and by carbon dioxide suggest that the CO yield for a given fuel in a free burn is mainly controlled by the flame temperature. For ambient conditions, the CO yields for the solid samples are about a factor of 2.3 smaller than the smoke yields for all the solid materials studied.

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“…12 Data under enhanced flame radiation and variable ventilation conditions from our apparatuses have been reported. ~7-~…”

Section: Simulation Of Large-scale Flame Radiation and Ventilation Comentioning

confidence: 99%

A new standard test method for the quantification of fire propagation behavior of electrical cables using Factory Mutual Research Corporation's small-scale flammability apparatus

Tewarson¹,

Khan²

1992

Fire Technol

Self Cite

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A new specification test standard for cable fire propagation has recently been developed at Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FMRC), using FMRC's 50 kW-scale flammability apparatus. Guidelines for fire protection of grouped cables in non-combustible industrial and commercial occupancies have been formulated. Cables are classified into three groups on the basis of their fire propagation behavior: Group 1 cables: fire propagation beyond the ignition zone is not likely to occur and fire protection is not required; Group 2 cables: fire propagates slowly beyond the igaition zone and fire protection is required in most applications; and Group 3 cables: fire propagates rapidly beyond the ignition zone an d fire protection is always require d. This paper describes the concepts associated with the development of the standard test and fire protection guidelines for cables.

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Fire ventilation

Cited by 21 publications

References 5 publications

Advantages and challenges with using hypoxic air venting as fire protection

Advantages and challenges with using hypoxic air venting as fire protection

The Effect Of Oxygen Concentration On Co And Smoke Produced By Flames

A new standard test method for the quantification of fire propagation behavior of electrical cables using Factory Mutual Research Corporation's small-scale flammability apparatus

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