Fire thermal boundary condition measurement using a hybrid heat flux gage

Vega, Thomas; Lattimer, Brian Y.; Diller, Thomas E.

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2013.08.004

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The rear face temperature shows that flax fibre also decreases the thermal conductivity of the composite, likewise, the increase of Enova ® IC3100. The heat transfer coefficient can be calculated using the reference method as in equation (1) as reported by Vega et al (2013Vega et al ( , 2012Vega et al ( , 2015 and Virk (2015) in the net heat flux equation for a flat surface subjected to an impinging jet flame that considered the three main components as convection, irradiation and re-radiation from the flat heated surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of different weightage of Enova® IC3100 silica aerogel on aluminium alloy composites in ISO2685 aviation standard fire-test

Talib

Mohammed

Rujhan

et al. 2019

IJSA

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The study presents the use of Enova® IC3100 and hardener/epoxy resin on the metal alloy and a hybrid composite of metal with natural fibre (flax) with the percentage of aerogel, for use in aircraft high-temperature region. The main objective of the study is to determine the percentage amount of Enova® IC3100 and epoxy resin/hardener on the hybrid composite. The composites were fabricated using different percentage of aerogel in an epoxy. The composites undergo a fire test using ISO2685 propane-air burner. The results obtained indicate that a less layered aluminium alloy coated with greener and lighter substance mix with epoxy resin/hardener can be used in a high-temperature aircraft application. The hybrid composite with flax fibre presents 5-10% greater than the other composite in terms of fire resistance. The study shows that the composite of aluminium alloy 2024-T3 coated with silica aerogel possesses good properties that resist high-temperature in an aircraft component.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of different weightage of Enova® IC3100 silica aerogel on aluminium alloy composites in ISO2685 aviation standard fire-test

Talib

Mohammed

Rujhan

et al. 2019

IJSA

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“…Early study by Puits et al [10] measured the local heat flux in highly turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection in air at the heating/cooling plate using commercial sensors. In fire safety system, convection is most important in the early stage of fire for activating thermal alarms and sprinklers, therefore there is a great need to experimentally investigate convection heat transfer in fire applications [16][17][18][19][20]. Vega et al [18] used a hybrid heat flux gauge to quantify the thermal boundary condition of a surface exposed to fire.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method to measure heat flux in convection using Gardon gauge

Fu¹,

Zong²,

Zhang³

et al. 2016

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Heat flux measurements are widely used in thermal environment analyses. The Gardon gauge is an excellent heat flux sensor with a wide measurement range and long lifespan in harsh environments. However, the Gardon gauge is usually calibrated for radiation heat transfer and is not good for convective heat transfer. This paper introduces a method to measure heat flux for convective heat transfer using the Gardon gauge by relating the measurement sensitivity for convection to that for radiation. The heat flux and convective heat-transfer coefficient can then be simultaneously determined by the standard thermo-electromotive voltage output of the Gardon gauge. The method was demonstrated for convective heat-transfer coefficient ranging from 200 to 3000 W/(m 2 K). The analysis illustrates that the measurement sensitivity for convection decreases with increasing convective heat-transfer coefficient. A correction is necessary especially for higher convective heat-transfer coefficient. The corrected convective heat-transfer coefficients and heat fluxes agree well with the actual values. The relative uncertainty in heat flux is within 0.64%. The method not only greatly improves the measurement accuracy of the Gardon gauge for convection applications, but also provides a reference for evaluating convective heat transfer coefficients in convection environments.

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“…Enthalpy profile [55,56] Tube-in-tube heat exchangers 0.7 Transient/calorimeter [57][58][59] Transient systems 8 Latent (mass rate of phase change) [60] Phase-change process -Hybrid heat flux sensor [52,58,61] Conditions that other thermal techniques can be mixed in a sensor 6 Optical Laser interferometry [62,63] Used in transparent fluids. Convective heat flux.…”

Section: Joule Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where m is the mass of the system, c p is the specific heat of the system, dT/dt is the temperature time derivative and A is the surface area where energy is flowing inside or outside of the system. One-dimensional conduction and more complex energy analyses can also be used [57][58][59].…”

Section: Transient/calorimetermentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Heat transfer coefficient: a review of measurement techniques

Moreira

Colmanetti

Tibiriçá

2019

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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Heat transfer coefficient is a basic parameter used in the calculation of convective heat transfer problems. Due to the importance of the experimental measurements for the development of convective heat transfer, this review identifies, classifies and describes the experimental methods used for the measurement of heat transfer coefficient. The methods were classified into five major groups: (1) direct method, (2) transient method, (3) Wilson method, (4) heat/momentum/mass transfer analogy method and (5) boundary layer thickness method. Their applications, limitations and the reported accuracy were evaluated in the context of new developments in temperature and heat flux measurement techniques. Finally, this review provides criteria for the selection of the most suitable technique for measurements of heat transfer coefficient according to the aspects of spatial resolution, geometric scale, intrusiveness, fluid type, response time and accuracy. Keywords Heat transfer coefficient • Temperature • Heat flux • Convection • Experimental measurements List of symbols 1D One-dimensional 2D Two-dimensional A Surface area (m 2) A e Outer tube surface area (m 2) A i Inner tube surface area (m 2) A s Surface area (m 2) C e Thermal resistances outside the tube and the tube wall (K/W) (constant) C i Constant C f Fanning friction factor (-), C f = s V 2 ∕2 c Constant (-) c p Specific heat capacity (J/kg K) c p,i Specific heat capacity at constant pressure (J/ kg K) d Diameter (m) d e Outer tube diameter (m) d i Inner tube diameter (m) D m Mass diffusivity (m 2 /s) f Darcy friction factor (-), f = 4 ⋅ C f * Cristiano Bigonha Tibiriçá

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Fire thermal boundary condition measurement using a hybrid heat flux gage

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Effect of different weightage of Enova® IC3100 silica aerogel on aluminium alloy composites in ISO2685 aviation standard fire-test

Effect of different weightage of Enova® IC3100 silica aerogel on aluminium alloy composites in ISO2685 aviation standard fire-test

A method to measure heat flux in convection using Gardon gauge

Heat transfer coefficient: a review of measurement techniques

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