Fire Scenario Zone Construction and Personnel Evacuation Planning Based on a Building Information Model and Geographical Information System

Abstract

The spatial–temporal simulation of fire disasters and evacuation route planning are important research fields for urban emergency responses and are primary tasks that answer complex questions after fires break out. The increasing demand for refined building information models will sharply increase the calculated and analyzed quantity. This demand presents a challenge for fire emergency responses based on massive building information. In this paper, the principle of the realistic worst case (RWC) is introduced into fire simulation and evacuation route planning. Taking the library of the Nanjing Forestry University as the study object, the spatial–temporal characteristics of the influential environmental factors of the fire are simulated, such as the meteorological elements, building structure, and building skin. The scenario zones that are relatively prone to fire are selected using an overlay analysis across the four seasons. Then, the risk threshold for evacuating personnel is analyzed in the fire zone according to international standards and firefighting criteria. Specific parameters are determined based on the analysis of the above. The growing trends for fires across the four seasons are simulated with scenario zones as the starting positions and incorporate factors such as temperature, carbon monoxide, and smoke. Lastly, a life safety assurance path (LSAP) for personnel evacuation is designed based on an indoor road network and path search algorithm. The evacuation planning result is compared with the traditional shortest-time path and shortest-distance path. Based on the study results, fire scenario zones can improve the speed and operating efficiency of spatial–temporal simulation models of fire and can also support path planning and design for emergency responses.

Construction and Application of Safety Management Scenarios at Construction Sites

“…By integrating the surrounding topography with building-related data, a virtual geographical environment is created [27]. Geo-scenarios can visualize differences between locations and patterns of human activity and can meet a variety of planning needs [28]. Accordingly, several academics have begun researching the optimal utilization of this technology to enhance the advantages of urban planning and design.…”

Knowledge Graph Construction to Facilitate Indoor Fire Emergency Evacuation

“…To solve the problem of considering the complicated individual behavior, many studies focused on the evacuation process in indoor fire scenarios. The common research method is establishing a virtual scenario and simulating evacuation situations using a path search algorithm [19][20][21][22]. Combining Virtual Reality (VR), BIM, and Geographical Information System (GIS), many studies have been conducted to improve the existing path search algorithms to raise efficiency, which has become a research hotspot.…”

A GIS-Based Evacuation Route Planning in Flood-Susceptible Area of Siraha Municipality, Nepal

“…This method was not sufficient as it did not consider the fatal risk that the pedestrian might experience while walking through the hazard zone [31]. At present, the researchers are focused on providing importance to both citizens' safety as well as distance in evacuation planning [37][38][39][40]. The present studies have common objectives that involve (1) the use of road hazards as a travel cost factor while traversing the road network and (2) finding the best route based on the shortest distance and minimal risk [31,40].…”