Fire-scar formation and compartmentalization in oak

Smith, Kevin T.; Sutherland, Elaine Kennedy

doi:10.1139/cjfr-29-2-166

Cited by 38 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 0 publications

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“…Typically, the most common method of dating fire scars is to locate the position of the scar (i.e. the initiation of woundwood) within the annual ring (Dieterich and Swetnam 1984;Baisan and Swetnam 1990;Smith and Sutherland 1999). Dating of fire events using this methodology has been confirmed for both conifers and oaks trees in previous studies (Baisan and Swetnam 1990;Smith and Sutherland 1999).…”

Section: Fire-scarred Regionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Within the scarred region, blocks were removed from the location where the woundwood initiates, which is also used to determine the position of the scar within the growth ring ( Fig. 2) (Dieterich and Swetnam 1984;Baisan and Swetnam 1990;Ortloff 1996;Smith and Sutherland 1999). The downhill location for the scarred trees was chosen, in order to observe anatomical changes farthest from the scarred region.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several criteria are used to distinguish scars caused by fires, from those caused by mechanical damage. The position of the tree on the landscape, the morphology of the scar face, and the presence of charcoal in the scar are considered together to interpret fire as the cause (Arno and Sneck 1977;Stokes 1980;Dieterich and Swetnam 1984;Smith and Sutherland 1999;Guyette and Stambaugh 2004). Fire scars occur when non-lethal fires kill the cambium by heat transfer through the bark at the base of the tree (Fahnestock and Hare 1964;Gutsell and Johnson 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fire scars occur when non-lethal fires kill the cambium by heat transfer through the bark at the base of the tree (Fahnestock and Hare 1964;Gutsell and Johnson 1996). The scars can be dated to the year and often season using dendrochronological methods (Stokes 1980;Shigo 1984;Baisan and Swetnam 1990;Ortloff 1996;Smith and Sutherland 1999). In suitable locations, samples from several trees containing multiple scars are combined to determine the spatial and temporal patterns of historical fires within a study area (Swetnam and Baisan 1996;Fry and Stephens 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fire-related features of wood anatomy in a sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) coppice in southern Switzerland

Bigio

Gärtner

Conedera³

2010

Trees

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Explorative wood anatomical analysis was conducted on a Castanea sativa stand in southern Switzerland, where a moderate-intensity surface fire burned in April 1997. Cross-sections were sampled at multiple heights from 20 scarred shoots, 20 apparently intact shoots, along with cores taken from 20 reference trees outside the fire area. Thin sections were prepared from uphill and downhill locations on the circumference for up to 5 years preceding and following the event year. The thin sections were visually observed in order to identify a response to the known fire event preserved in the wood anatomical structure. Anatomical features were observed at the uphill and downhill locations on both scarred and intact (unscarred) cross-sections, and they occurred in a subset of the observed samples. The features observed in both scarred and intact cross-sections were an apparent increase in vessel density and a decrease in lumen area of the second row of earlywood vessels, along with tyloses formation in the first row of earlywood vessels. Furthermore, the scarred region exhibited a zone of delayed cambial death following the fire, and the onset of woundwood was often initiated later in the season or the following year. Using the type of features and their location around the circumference, we inferred that the observed features may have formed in response to local heating of the cambium, and likely formed in response to canopy damage.

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Section: Fire-scarred Regionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fire-related features of wood anatomy in a sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) coppice in southern Switzerland

Bigio

Gärtner

Conedera³

2010

Trees

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…At the study site, few of these older post oak trees resprouted following the BCCF. Due to the general lack of fire for the last 60 years, old injuries (prior to 1951) have had adequate time for wound closure to occur (Smith and Sutherland, 1999;Stambaugh et al, 2017) and no external evidence of past fire scarring was viewable; this is a relatively common condition in long, unburned forests. One exception (sample #BST132), showed to be scarred in 1987 and hollowed out prior to the BCCF; we assume this was likely an isolated fire event (e.g., individual burning tree) based on no scars on other trees, no known fire at BSP, and no evidence that it influenced tree demographics at the site.…”

Section: Fire Historymentioning

confidence: 99%