Fire Retardancy of Aluminum Hydroxide Reinforced Flame Retardant Modified Epoxy Resin Composite

Iqbal, Muhammad Ahsan; Iqbal, Muhammad; Fedel, Michele

doi:10.1134/s1070427218040225

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The main designated flame-retardant filler used in this study was aluminium trihydrate (ATH), which can be classified as a medium-strength filler. Studies have shown that quite a high percentage of aluminium trihydrate is required (equal to or above 30%) to have a better impact on the flame-retardant properties of a composite [43][44][45][46]. The thermal stability of aluminium trihydrate is also on the lower side as the 1 st step of decomposition takes place at around 200°C when the water molecules are released [47].…”

Section: Comparative Analysis Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Banana Peel in the Development of a Less Flammable Polyester Composite

Anannya

Afroz

Kibria

et al. 2022

TEKS

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This study attempted to produce a cheap polyester composite material using an agricultural waste banana peel in the structure. Banana fibre has been used in composites as reinforcements, but banana peel has never been used with polyester before. The possibility of improved thermal and flammability properties of a composite due to increased moisture in the structure, and the char-forming ability of the cellulosic part of banana peel or the production of highly flammable material due to the presence of carbohydrates in the structure were the assumptions. To tackle the second assumption, aluminium trihydrate (ATH) was added. The handmade composites showed a drastic drop in tensile strength from 38.02 MPa to 16.72 MPa due to a lack of chemical bonding between the constituents. The impact and flexural strength showed some improvement with the addition of banana peel, along with ATH, to record results of 10.92 kg/cm and 49 MPa, respectively, after the initial drop that occurred when only ATH was added. However, these results were still inferior to the properties of pure polyester. The results of flammability and thermal resistance matched the second assumption, as flame retardancy was kept under control by the presence of ATH. The absorbency properties remained almost unaffected.

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Section: Comparative Analysis Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Banana Peel in the Development of a Less Flammable Polyester Composite

Anannya

Afroz

Kibria

et al. 2022

TEKS

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“…10 NFCs have applications in construction, transportation, military, wind farms, electronic industries, and furniture industries. 11,[14][15][16][17][18][19] Resins are primarily used as a matrix in composites because thermosets exhibit better mechanical properties and are easy to manufacture than thermoplastics. EPs are the widely used thermoset in composites 20 due to their higher mechanical, insulation, resilience, chemical resistance, and dimensional stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microencapsulation based fire retardant eco-friendly jute composite

Jalalah

Zulfiqar

Afzal

et al. 2023

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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Natural fiber reinforced composites (NFCs) are a promising replacement for conventional wood materials in furniture and households. However, the flammability of natural fibers limits their practical application. The composite matrix structure can be modified to enhance flame resistance. In this study, eco-friendly and cost-effective fire-retardants (FRs), micro-integrated Triphenyl Phosphate (m-TPP), and Aluminum Trihydroxide (ATH) were added physically in different concentrations to the epoxy resins (EPs). Underwriter Laboratories 94 (UL-94) flammability test revealed that the fire resistance of FR epoxy, EP88%m-TPP9%ATH3%, increased by increasing the TPP quantity with the highest V-0 rating. The thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated a better internal structure of EP100%. However, no char residue was observed for EP100%. The highest char residue was found for EP88%m-TPP9%ATH3%, which confirmed its highest FR resistance. However, EP88%m-TPP9%ATH3% showed poor tensile, flexural, and compressional strengths. The m-TPP was a better FR than ATH. However, the mechanical stability of FR samples containing ATH is better than those containing m-TPP. Also, the addition of FRs reduced the tensile and flexural strengths; however, the compressional strength and modulus were significantly improved, which implied a potential use in the furniture industry.

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“…However, with the increase in people’s awareness of environmental protection, the application of halogenated flame retardants is gradually decreasing [ 4 , 5 ]. Inorganic flame retardants such as aluminum hydroxide (ATH), magnesium hydroxide (MH) and layered double hydroxide (LDH) have attracted more and more attention because they are environmentally friendly [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Among them, MH has the advantage of being non-toxic and harmless and having a high decomposition temperature, low price and easy storage and transport [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZIF-67 In Situ Grown on Attapulgite: A Flame Retardant Synergist for Ethylene Vinyl Acetate/Magnesium Hydroxide Composites

Yang

Yin

et al. 2022

Polymers

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ZIF-67@ATP was prepared by the in situ growth of the zeolite imidazole frame (ZIF-67) on the surface of attapulgite (ATP). The structure and surface morphology of ZIF-67@ATP were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Different mass fractions of ATP and ZIF-67@ATP were added to ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/magnesium hydroxide (MH) composites as flame retardant synergists. The flame retardancy of EVA composites was evaluated by the limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, UL-94 test and cone calorimeter test. Composites containing 3 wt% of ZIF-67@ATP reached an LOI value of 43% and a V-0 rating in the UL-94 test, and the ignition time of the composite increased from 38 s to 56 s. The tensile strength and impact strength of the composites did not change significantly, but the elongation at break increased greatly. Typically, for composites containing 4 wt% of ZIF-67@ATP, the elongation at break of the composites increased from 69.5% to 522.2% compared to the samples without the synergist. This study provides novel insights into the application of attapulgite in the field of flame retardant polymer materials.

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Fire Retardancy of Aluminum Hydroxide Reinforced Flame Retardant Modified Epoxy Resin Composite

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Use of Banana Peel in the Development of a Less Flammable Polyester Composite

Use of Banana Peel in the Development of a Less Flammable Polyester Composite

Microencapsulation based fire retardant eco-friendly jute composite

ZIF-67 In Situ Grown on Attapulgite: A Flame Retardant Synergist for Ethylene Vinyl Acetate/Magnesium Hydroxide Composites

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