Fire resistance performance of composite coating with geopolymer‐based bio‐fillers for lightweight panel application

Rashid, Muhammad Khairi Abdul; Sulong, N.H. Ramli; Alengaram, U. Johnson

doi:10.1002/app.49558

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…Abdul Rashid et al [ 12 ] examined the fire resistance performance of composite coating with geopolymer-based bio-fillers for lightweight panel application. The coating formulation was optimized in terms of thickness, alkaline activator ratio, and curing time which produced the RHA-based geopolymer coating that strongly adhered to the substrate for almost 2 h during the flame exposure test.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice Husk Ash/Silicone Rubber-Based Binary Blended Geopolymer Coating Composite: Fire Retardant, Moisture Absorption, Optimize Composition, and Microstructural Analysis

et al. 2021

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Geopolymer coating using rice husk ash (RHA) as the aluminosilicate source has shown excellent fire retardant properties. However, incorporation of rice husk ash into the geopolymer matrix increased water absorption properties of the polymer composite. As such, silicone rubber (SiR) was introduced to improve the moisture absorption and fire retardant properties of the composite. Additionally, the less efficient one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach was conventionally used in past studies on the RHA-based geopolymer composite. In understanding the optimum value and significant effect of factors on the fire retardant and moisture absorption properties of the binary blended geopolymer coating composite, the use of statistical analysis and regression coefficient model (mathematical model) was considered essential. The objectives of this study are to identify the significant effect of factors on moisture absorption and fire retardant properties, to determine the optimum composition, and to study the microstructure of the rice husk ash/silicone rubber (RHA/SiR)-based binary blended geopolymer coating composite. The RHA/AA and SiR/Ge ratios were chosen as factors, and the response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to design experiments and conduct analyses. Fire retardant and moisture absorption tests were conducted. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the microstructure of geopolymer samples. The RHA/alkaline activator (AA) and SiR/Ge ratios were shown to have a significant effect on the responses (temperature at equilibrium and moisture absorption). The high ratio of RHA/AA and SiR/Ge resulted in a lower temperature at equilibrium (TAE) below 200°C and at moisture absorption below 16%. The optimum formulation for the geopolymer coating composite can be achieved when the RHA/AA ratio, SiR/Ge ratio, and sodium hydroxide concentration are set at 0.85, 0.70, and 14 M, respectively. SEM micrographs of samples with good fire retardant properties showed that the char residue of the geopolymer composite coating, which is a layer of excess silicone rubber, is porous and continuous, thus providing a shielding effect for the layer of geopolymer underneath. The sample with good moisture absorption showed the formation of a thin outer layer of silicone rubber without any cracks. The unreacted SiR formed a thin layer beneath the geopolymer composite matrix providing a good moisture barrier.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice Husk Ash/Silicone Rubber-Based Binary Blended Geopolymer Coating Composite: Fire Retardant, Moisture Absorption, Optimize Composition, and Microstructural Analysis

et al. 2021

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“…Thus, there is an urgent need to replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete with cementless concrete. Many studies have discovered that the replacement of OPC concrete with geopolymer concrete (GPC) could reduce the carbon dioxide emissions caused by OPC concrete production [ 5 , 6 ]. Moreover, the usage of geopolymer concrete as thermal insulation can also reduce the high energy consumption of buildings and in construction, as compared to OPC concrete [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Properties and Drying Shrinkage Performance of Palm Kernel Shell Ash and Rice Husk Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete

Abdullah,

Mustapha,

Yusof

et al. 2024

Materials

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This study aims to develop suitable formulations of geopolymer concrete (GPC) by varying the percentages of the geopolymer with aggregates and evaluating the performances in thermal and mechanical properties of palm kernel shell ash (PKSA)-GPC compared to rice husk ash (RHA)-GPC and ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPCC). Preliminary tests were conducted to select the best mix design ratios before casting the specimens. Then, the performance of the PKSA-GPC, RHA-GPC and OPCC specimens was evaluated based on their thermal performance and drying shrinkage. The mix designs of PKSA-GPC 70:30, PKSA-GPC 60:40, PKSA-GPC 50:50 and PKSA-GPC 66.6:33.3 were found to produce an acceptable consistency, rheological and thixotropic behaviour for the development of the GPC. PKSA-GPC showed a better thermal performance than the RHA-GPC and OPCC due to their strong and dense intumescent layers and slow temperature increment upon exposure to a high flame temperature from ambient temperature to 169 °C. The low molar ratio of the Si/Al present in the PKSA-GPC created a thermally stable intumescent layer. In the drying shrinkage test, PKSA-GPC 60:40 and RHA-GPC 60:40 shared an equal drying shrinkage performance (5.040%) compared to the OPCC (8.996%). It was observed that microcrack formation could significantly contribute to the high shrinkage in the PKSA-GPC 50:50 and RHA-GPC 70:30 specimens. The findings of this study show that PKSA could be incorporated into GPC as a fire-retardant material due to its capability of prolonging the spread of fire upon ignition and acting as an alternative to the conventional OPCC.

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“…Aside from natural occurring minerals, rice husk ash (RHA), which is considered as an agricultural waste, has been proven as a good source of silica and has a vast potential in offering an alternative to commercial paint filler and as a raw material in the production of geopolymers [ 18 ]. Recent studies have reported that fire-resistant RHA-based geopolymer coatings managed to withstand flame exposure for an extensive period [ 19 , 20 ]. Research done by Basri et al (2016), initiate that RHA-based geopolymer coating on mild steel plate to be in equilibrium state at 398 °C after 800 °C to 1000 °C heat been applied [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Different Pre-Treatment on the Microstructure and Intumescent Properties of Rice Husk Ash-Based Geopolymer Hybrid Coating

et al. 2022

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Despite the growing popularity of rice husk ash (RHA) in various applications, limited research has been devoted to identify the influence of silica content in RHA on the intumescent properties. The present work aims to introduce a novel and economical geopolymer hybrid fire retardant coating by utilizing the use of RHA. The silica from Rice husk (RH) was extracted using distilled water and hydrochloric acid as leaching agents and subjected to pyrolysis treatment. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis indicated that RH that underwent HCl pre-treatment at 600 °C for one hour produced a high purity amorphous silica content of 93.92%. XRD measurements revealed that HCl pretreatment increased the crystallization temperature of RHA to 1000 °C and retained the amorphous state of silica for 2 h. In a fire resistance test, temperature at the equilibrium and time taken to reach 200 °C for sample S3 (93.92% wt. silica) showed 5.83% and 3.48% improvement compared to sample S1 (87.49% wt. silica). The microstructure analysis showed that sample S1 possessed bigger pores on the coating surface while an increment in silica content in sample S3 produced a dense foam structure. Results from a fire resistance test were supported by the Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis of the sample. The oxygen-to-carbon ratio of S1 and S3 coating samples were 1.695 and 1.622 respectively, which indicated that lower oxygen–to-carbon ratio in sample S3 coating resulted in better anti-oxidant properties. Interestingly, the increment of SiO2 content in RHA efficiently improved the compactness of the char layer, which resulted in a relatively higher fire-retardant efficiency. RHA proved to be a promising environmentally friendly strategy to replace halogenated fire retardant materials.

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Fire resistance performance of composite coating with geopolymer‐based bio‐fillers for lightweight panel application

Cited by 17 publications

References 51 publications

Rice Husk Ash/Silicone Rubber-Based Binary Blended Geopolymer Coating Composite: Fire Retardant, Moisture Absorption, Optimize Composition, and Microstructural Analysis

Rice Husk Ash/Silicone Rubber-Based Binary Blended Geopolymer Coating Composite: Fire Retardant, Moisture Absorption, Optimize Composition, and Microstructural Analysis

Thermal Properties and Drying Shrinkage Performance of Palm Kernel Shell Ash and Rice Husk Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete

Effect of Different Pre-Treatment on the Microstructure and Intumescent Properties of Rice Husk Ash-Based Geopolymer Hybrid Coating

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