Fire resistance of phosphoric acid-based geopolymer foams fabricated from metakaolin and hydrogen peroxide

Qin, Shuai; Xu, Zhonghui; Yao, Zhengzhen; Chen, Xiaoyue; Jiang, Zao; Peng, Xi; An, Ran; Yu, Li; Xin, Jiang; Han, Le

doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2019.127228

Cited by 54 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Among these synthesis approaches, the direct foaming method is the most used technique for producing GFs using chemical blowing agents, such as hydrogen peroxide [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], metal powders [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], or silica fumes [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. GFs have been used not only as sustainable building materials but also in a variety of applications, such as thermal and acoustic insulators [ 19 , 20 , 21 ], adsorbents and filters [ 7 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ], and fire resistance [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Porous geopolymer materials have been widely considered in the field of fire protection due to their low density, low thermal conductivity, and excellent thermal insulation performance [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Sakkas et al [ 26 ] showed that potassium based geopolymers retained its structure entirely after the fire test without any significant macroscopic damage and exhibited excellent fire resistant properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on Temperature-Dependent Properties and Fire Resistance of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Foams

Louda

Nam

et al. 2020

Polymers

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This paper presents temperature-dependent properties and fire resistance of geopolymer foams made of ground basalt fibers, aluminum foaming agents, and potassium-activated metakaolin-based geopolymers. Temperature-dependent properties of basalt-reinforced geopolymer foams (BGFs) were investigated by a series of measurements, including apparent density, water absorption, mass loss, drying shrinkage, compressive and flexural strengths, XRD, and SEM. Results showed that the apparent density and drying shrinkage of the BGFs increase with increasing the treated temperature from 400 to 1200 °C. Below 600 °C the mass loss is enhanced while the water absorption is reduced and they both vary slightly between 600 and 1000 °C. Above 1000 °C the mass loss is decreased rapidly, whereas the water absorption is increased. The compressive and flexural strengths of the BGFs with high fiber content are improved significantly at temperatures over 600 °C and achieved the maximum at 1200 °C. The BGF with high fiber loading at 1200 °C exhibited a substantial increase in compressive strength by 108% and flexural strength by 116% compared to that at room temperature. The enhancement in the BGF strengths at high temperatures is attributed to the development of crystalline phases and structural densification. Therefore, the BGFs with high fiber loading have extraordinary mechanical stability at high temperatures. The fire resistance of wood and steel plates has been considerably improved after coating a BGF layer on their surface. The coated BGF remained its structural integrity without any considerable macroscopic damage after fire resistance test. The longest fire-resistant times for the wood and steel plates were 99 and 134 min, respectively. In general, the BGFs with excellent fire resistance have great potential for fire protection applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Temperature-Dependent Properties and Fire Resistance of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Foams

Louda

Nam

et al. 2020

Polymers

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“…protection [11]. Factually, metakaolin (MK)-based GFs exhibit remarkable fire-resistance, owing to the conversion of the amorphous MK-based geopolymer gel to ceramics during the fire-resistance tests [12,13]. However, the mechanical strength of MK-based geopolymer foams is lower than that of aerated concrete or foam ceramics with the same bulk density.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Fireproofing Performance of the Coal Fly Ash-Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Foams

Peng

Qin

et al. 2020

Materials

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This paper aims to investigate the influence of coal fly ash (CFA) addition on the fireproof properties of the metakaolin-based geopolymer foams. The physical properties, thermal conductivity and fire resistance of the CFA-metakaolin-based geopolymer foams are discussed. The CFA-metakaolin-based geopolymer foams achieve a dry density between 259.43 kg/m 3 and 349.73 kg/m 3 , a porosity between 71.78% and 72.98%, a thermal conductivity between 0.0871 W/(m·K) and 0.0944 W/(m·K) and a compressive strength between 0.38 MPa and 0.56 MPa, exhibiting better physical properties than that of the porous blocks without CFA addition. It is also found that the CFA addition could decrease the viscous sintering temperature and change the phase compositions of sintering products, resulting in the porous structure deterioration in a certain extent and obvious rise of the final reverse-side temperature during the fire-resistance tests. Fortunately, the conversion of the amorphous geopolymer gel to ceramics has helped to maintain the main skeleton structure stability. The CFA-metakaolin-based geopolymer foams still exhibit excellent fire resistance, and the reverse-side temperatures are always within 250 • C after 3 h fire-resistance tests.

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“…However, the decline in thermal conductivity of geopolymer foams suddenly stops when the amount of added Na 2 O 2 is up to 4% mass fraction. Meanwhile, a larger amount of open and connected pores appears on the surface of porous samples, which may be associated with the sharp change in thermal conductivity [18].…”

Section: Thermal Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a general trend, the introduction of foaming agents would decrease the mechanical strength of the hardened blocks. Moreover, the size and shape of the voids and the strength of the binding skeleton also have causal role in strength development [17,18]. Thus, better control of the foaming agent amounts and the foaming reaction is helpful in forming more homogenous and smaller pores, and gaining lower dry bulk density and higher strength.…”

Section: Dry Bulk Density Porosity and Mechanical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Resistance of Alkali Activated Geopolymer Foams Produced from Metakaolin and Na2O2

Peng

Qin

et al. 2020

Materials

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This work aims to investigate the feasibility that alkali-based geopolymer foams produced from metakaolin and Na2O2 are applied for fire protection. Dry bulk density, porosity, mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, and fire resistance of the geopolymer foams are discussed as a function of the Na2O2 amounts. As Na2O2 content varies from 1% to 4%, dry bulk density, mechanical strength and thermal conductivity of the geopolymer foams approximately exhibit opposite trends with that of the porosity. At the later stage of the 3 h fire-resistance tests, the reverse-side temperatures of all tested samples were always maintained at 220–250 °C. Meanwhile, the amorphous skeleton structures have been converted to smooth ceramics during the high temperature processes, which is the main reason that the geopolymer foams possess a stable porous structure and excellent fire resistance. Therefore, we could conclude that alkali-activated geopolymer foams with extraordinary fire resistance have great potential for fire protection applications.

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Fire resistance of phosphoric acid-based geopolymer foams fabricated from metakaolin and hydrogen peroxide

Cited by 54 publications

References 17 publications

Study on Temperature-Dependent Properties and Fire Resistance of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Foams

Study on Temperature-Dependent Properties and Fire Resistance of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Foams

Fabrication and Fireproofing Performance of the Coal Fly Ash-Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Foams

Fire Resistance of Alkali Activated Geopolymer Foams Produced from Metakaolin and Na2O2

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