Fire protection in traffic tunnels: General aspects and results of the EUREKA project

Haack, Alfred

doi:10.1016/s0886-7798(98)00080-7

Cited by 74 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Increasing attention has been devoted to the metro train fire due to its catastrophic consequence [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], such as the fire in the subway of Baku in Azerbaijan in 1995 with 289 people killed and 265 severely injured [11] and the Daegu subway fire in 2003 which resulted in 198 killed and 146 hurt [3]. In China, the fixed flammable materials in the carriage interior of the metro trains mainly comprise the floor coverings and seats, even for some metro trains, inside which the seats are made of non-combustible materials such as stainless steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation analysis of heat flux and cone calorimeter test data of commercial flame-retardant ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubber

Chen

et al. 2015

J Therm Anal Calorim

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The effects of the heat flux on the thermal decomposition of the commercial flame-retardant ethylenepropylene-diene monomer rubber in a cone calorimeter with a piloted ignition were quantitatively investigated. Correlation analysis of the heat flux and various characteristic parameters, including the ignition time, the thermal thickness, the mass loss rate (MLR), the heat release rate (HRR) and the effective heat of combustion, was conducted. It was found that the transformed ignition time (1/t ig ) 0.55 and 1/t ig , the peak and average MLR, the first and second peak HRR, the HRR in the quasi-steady stage and the average HRR all increased linearly with the heat flux. The thermal thickness (d P ) decreased with the heat flux and was proportional to q= _ q 00 . The specimens under the heat fluxes B35 kW m -2 behaved as thermally thin solids, while the thermal decomposition behavior of the specimens under the heat fluxes [35 kW m -2 may be characterized employing the thermally thick heating model. The flammability properties including the critical heat flux, the minimum heat flux, the ignition temperature, the heat of gasification and the heat of combustion, which were calculated theoretically based upon the correlations of the ignition time data, the MLR data and the HRR data with the heat flux, were in accordance with the experimental measured values.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation analysis of heat flux and cone calorimeter test data of commercial flame-retardant ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubber

Chen

et al. 2015

J Therm Anal Calorim

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“…Comparing the obtained data in a table allows the analyses of the ventilation conditions for different heat releases from fires. The second step is to add additional criteria of human behaviour inside the tunnel (evacuation) and human resistance to the elevated gas concentrations and temperature (Haack, 1998(Haack, & 2002.…”

Section: Fluid Dynamic Models For Road Tunnels Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid Dynamic Models Application in Risk Assessment

Vidmar¹,

Petelin²,

Perkovič³

2012

Fluid Dynamics, Computational Modeling and Applications

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“…Their use became more and more widespread in the recent past, in particular because of the significant reduction of motor vehicle emissions [2,3]. The described fire model presents behaviour of fire and smoke in a road tunnel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrade of a transverse ventilation system in a bi-directional tunnel

Vidmar¹,

Petelin²,

Luin³

2012

Therm sci

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The Karavanke tunnel forms an important link between Slovenia and Austria. The almost 8 km long tunnel is operated with bi-directional traffic and does not have dedicated escape routes. Moreover, the ventilation in case of fire does not satisfy requirements of the EU Directive 2004/54/EC that specifies the minimum requirements for tunnels in the trans-European road network. The paper present results of the research conducted regarding the possibility of upgrade the existing system in order to reach the required level of safety at lower costs possible. It is shown that with simple but novel adaptations of the ventilation system, a sizeable increase in the overall level of safety can be achieved. The methodology applied is a combination of a simple pipe model for tunnel ventilation and for detailed fluid dynamics analysis the CFD model is used. The existing ventilation system that in fire ventilation extracts smoke from a single duct is replaced with the smoke extraction from both ducts applying four axial fans. The analysis is focused on air/smoke flow through the vents and ducts and on pressure drops calculated over the length of the ventilation duct and its influence on the total flow. The change of the flow condition also has influence on ventilation fan operation point that is investigated in the paper as well

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Fire protection in traffic tunnels: General aspects and results of the EUREKA project

Cited by 74 publications

References 1 publication

Correlation analysis of heat flux and cone calorimeter test data of commercial flame-retardant ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubber

Correlation analysis of heat flux and cone calorimeter test data of commercial flame-retardant ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubber

Fluid Dynamic Models Application in Risk Assessment

Upgrade of a transverse ventilation system in a bi-directional tunnel

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