Fire Impact Tool- Measuring the impact of fire suppression operations on the environment

Amon, Francine; Gehandler, Jonatan; McNamee, Robert; McNamee, Margaret; Vilic, Azra

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2020.103071

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A reduction in the fire risk element can be achieved through effective fire-mitigation strategies to: 1) prevent fire ignition and limit the risk of ignition, such as excluding materials with low ignition temperatures or heat sources; 2) manage fire by preventing it from spreading using both active and passive fire-protection systems (FPS); and 3) manage exposure by implementing means of egress and safely evacuating occupants through notification, wayfinding, and smoke control [9] [10]. It has been shown that, without effective fire-protection systems, both the risk of fire and the building's carbon dioxide emissions over its lifecycle can increase by between 2% to 14% if a fire and subsequent rebuild occurs [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Impacts of Fire Safety Measures in the Built Environment

Dormohamadi,

Hoxha,

Kanafani

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The paper focuses on assessing the environmental impacts associated with fire safety measures in buildings, underlining the crucial role of evaluating these impacts in ensuring effective fire protection systems. Through a methodical examination of strategies aimed at mitigating fire risks, the study correlates these strategies with five fundamental layers of protection, mirroring the concept of the Swiss Cheese Model. On the basis of this framework, a novel environmental impact typology is introduced, clearly identifying the specific environmental impacts associated with fire-protection systems. By isolating these impacts, the assessment appropriately separates consequences related to fire safety from other functions within a building. Moreover, this structured methodology serves as a foundation for future investigations into such environmental impacts of timber construction. It facilitates the development of targeted mitigation strategies that enhance fire safety while simultaneously taking ecological considerations into account.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Impacts of Fire Safety Measures in the Built Environment

Dormohamadi,

Hoxha,

Kanafani

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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show abstract

“…Combustion products from fires contribute to contamination of the atmospheric, aquatic, and terrestrial environments. The degree of seriousness will depend on the material combusted, the size and duration of a fire, ventilation conditions, and even the firefighting tactics used upon suppression. , During a vehicle fire, toxic gases containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs), , polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), − hydrogen halides (HX), soot particulates, , etc. are released .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotoxicity Evaluation of Fire-Extinguishing Water from Large-Scale Battery and Battery Electric Vehicle Fire Tests

Quant

Willstrand

Mallin

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Electrified transport has multiple benefits but has also raised some concerns, for example, the flammable formulations used in lithium-ion batteries. Fires in traction batteries can be difficult to extinguish because the battery cells are well protected and hard to reach. To control the fire, firefighters must prolong the application of extinguishing media. In this work, extinguishing water from three vehicles and one battery pack fire test were analyzed for inorganic and organic pollutants, including particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and soot content. Additionally, the acute toxicity of the collected extinguishing water on three aquatic species was determined. The vehicles used in the fire tests were both conventional petrol-fueled and battery electric. For all of the tests, the analysis of the extinguishing water showed high toxicity toward the tested aquatic species. Several metals and ions were found in concentrations above the corresponding surface water guideline values. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances were detected in concentrations ranging between 200 and 1400 ng L–1. Flushing the battery increased the concentration of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to 4700 ng L–1. Extinguishing water from the battery electric vehicle and the battery pack contained a higher concentration of nickel, cobalt, lithium, manganese, and fluoride compared with the water samples analyzed from the conventional vehicle.

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Fires in Enclosures

McNamee

Sandvik²

2022

Handbook of Fire and the Environment

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Fire Impact Tool- Measuring the impact of fire suppression operations on the environment

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Environmental Impacts of Fire Safety Measures in the Built Environment

Environmental Impacts of Fire Safety Measures in the Built Environment

Ecotoxicity Evaluation of Fire-Extinguishing Water from Large-Scale Battery and Battery Electric Vehicle Fire Tests

Fires in Enclosures

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