Finite Element simulation coupled to optimisation stochastic process to assess the effect of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of 42CrMo4 steel

Chaouch, Djamel Eddine; Guessasma, Sofiane; Sadok, Ahmed Hadj

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2011.05.026

Cited by 37 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Their models can predict the mechanical properties, the microstructural evolution and the phase transformations as a function of the chemical composition of the steel and the parameters of the nitriding process. Chaouch et al [25] studied the effect of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of an AISI 4140 steel. Among all the mentioned techniques, RSM is frequently used to model and optimize processes, due to its low computational time and its high level of precision in optimization [26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the Continuous Galvanizing Heat Treatment Process in Ultra-High Strength Dual Phase Steels Using a Multivariate Model

Costa

Altamirano

Salinas‐Rodríguez

et al. 2019

Metals

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The main process variables to produce galvanized dual phase (DP) steel sheets in continuous galvanizing lines are time and temperature of intercritical austenitizing (tIA and TIA), cooling rate (CR1) after intercritical austenitizing, holding time at the galvanizing temperature (tG) and finally the cooling rate (CR2) to room temperature. In this research work, the effects of CR1, tG and CR2 on the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS), and elongation (EL) of cold rolled low carbon steel were investigated by applying an experimental central composite design and a multivariate regression model. A multi-objective optimization and the Pareto Front were used for the optimization of the continuous galvanizing heat treatments. Typical thermal cycles applied for the production of continuous galvanized AHSS-DP strips were simulated in a quenching dilatometer using miniature tensile specimens. The experimental results of UTS, YS and EL were used to fit the multivariate regression model for the prediction of these mechanical properties from the processing parameters (CR1, tG and CR2). In general, the results show that the proposed multivariate model correctly predicts the mechanical properties of UTS, YS and %EL for DP steels processed under continuous galvanizing conditions. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the phase transformations that take place during the optimized tG (galvanizing time) play a dominant role in determining the values of the mechanical properties of the DP steel. The production of hot-dip galvanized DP steels with a minimum tensile strength of 1100 MPa is possible by applying the proposed methodology. The results provide important scientific and technological knowledge about the annealing/galvanizing thermal cycle effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties of DP steels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the Continuous Galvanizing Heat Treatment Process in Ultra-High Strength Dual Phase Steels Using a Multivariate Model

Costa

Altamirano

Salinas‐Rodríguez

et al. 2019

Metals

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“…In order to simulate the TR bending-upsetting process accurately, the stressstain curves of 42CrMo4 steel (chemical composition, wt. %: C 0.43, Si 0.31, Mn 0.8, S 0.004, P 0.009, Cr 0.97, Ni 0.45, Cu 0.08, Mo 0.24, V0.10) at 900, 1000, 1050, 1100, 1150, 1200 [9,10] and different strain rates (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10) are tested (compression test) on Gleeble3800 thermal-mechanical simulator. These temperature and strain rate ranges are chosen based on the temperature and strain rate of the billet during forging process.…”

Section: Constitutive Model Of the 42crmo4 Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the metal flow of large marine full-fiber crankshaft processed by TR bending-upsetting method

Zhang¹,

Xu²,

Sun³

et al. 2013

AIP Conference Proceedings

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A study on bending direction of sheet metal in laser forming Abstract. Large marine crankshaft is the heart of medium-speed diesel engine. The TR forming method used to obtain full-fiber workpiece is considerably complex. However, the metal flow behavior during bending-upsetting process, which determines the forming quality, was seldom studied in previous works. In this study, a finite element model (FEM) was established using constitutive model of 42CrMo4 steel and specified boundary conditions. The simulated results has demonstrated that the early filled metal resists the following metal entering the upper cavity, thereby causing the flash on the upper edge and the unfilled defect on the lower edge of the crank-arm. Further analysis has indicated that larger initial angel of the elbow rod ș 0 and a good lubrication condition between dies and workpiece can effectively decrease the volume of flash and eliminate the unfilled defect on the final product.

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“…Low-alloy structural steels are widely used in mechanical, automotive, mining and machine building industries and they undergo shaping by metal forming, machining, welding, surfacing and many other techniques [1][2][3][4][5]. Particularly, the structural steel grade 42CrMo4 (AISI 4140) offers the most versatile applications and is one of the most universal grades dedicated to heat treatment and plastic deformation [1,2,[6][7][8]. However, to facilitate its deformability in cold metal forming processes, this steel requires a special heat treatment -annealing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Annealing Time and Temperature Parameters on the Microstructure, Hardness and Strain-Hardening Coefficients of 42CrMo4 Steel

Szala

Winiarski

Wójcik

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The study presents the effect of annealing process parameters on the microstructure, hardness and strain hardening coefficients i.e., the strength coefficient c and the strain hardening exponent n, of 42CrMo4 steel. Seven selected annealing time-temperature schemes are examined for superior steel formability in cold metal forming conditions. The c and n coefficients are first determined in experimental upsetting of annealed samples and then used in FEM simulations of the upsetting process. The results demonstrate that the strain hardening coefficients (c and n) depend on the employed annealing scheme. Compared to the as-received sample, the annealing process reduces the true stress and effectively decrease the hardness of 42CrMo4 steel, improves microstructural spheroidization and, consequently, facilitates deformability of this material. The annealing schemes relying on heating the material to 750 °C and its subsequent slow cooling lead to the highest decrease in hardness ranging from 162 to 168HV. Results obtained with the SEM-EDS, LOM and XRD methods lead to the conclusion that the employed heat treatment schemes cause the initial ferritic-pearlitic microstructure to develop granular and semi-lamellar precipitation of cementite enriched with Mo and Cr in the ferrite matrix. In addition, the annealing process affects the growth of α-Fe grains. The highest cold hardening rate, and thus formability, is obtained for the annealing scheme producing the lowest hardness. The results of FEM simulations are positively validated by experimental results. Obtained results are crucial for further numerical simulations and experimental research connected with developing new cold metal forming methods for producing parts made of 42CrMo4 steel.

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Finite Element simulation coupled to optimisation stochastic process to assess the effect of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of 42CrMo4 steel

Cited by 37 publications

References 45 publications

Optimization of the Continuous Galvanizing Heat Treatment Process in Ultra-High Strength Dual Phase Steels Using a Multivariate Model

Optimization of the Continuous Galvanizing Heat Treatment Process in Ultra-High Strength Dual Phase Steels Using a Multivariate Model

Study on the metal flow of large marine full-fiber crankshaft processed by TR bending-upsetting method

Effect of Annealing Time and Temperature Parameters on the Microstructure, Hardness and Strain-Hardening Coefficients of 42CrMo4 Steel

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