Effect of Annealing Time and Temperature Parameters on the Microstructure, Hardness and Strain-Hardening Coefficients of 42CrMo4 Steel

Szala, Mirosław; Winiarski, Grzegorz; Wójcik, Łukasz; Bulzak, Tomasz

doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0147.v1

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 38 publications

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“…For this, however, other manufacturing processes and particle shapes would have to be investigated with regard to manufacturing tolerances and damage behavior. It would be conceivable to produce the test particles by micro-embossing [23][24][25] and then to harden the ductile materials [26,27] in order to obtain the required strength. Again, abstract shapes would be feasible, which so far is the only approach for DEM-CFD simulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Production of Artificial Test Swarf to Examine Wear Behavior of Running Engine Components—Part 2: Experimentally Derived Designs

Brag,

Piotter,

Plewa

et al. 2023

Materials

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In subtractive manufacturing processes, swarf, burrs or other residues are produced, which can impair the function of a tribological system (e.g., journal bearings). To prevent premature engine damage, cleanliness requirements are defined for production processes. Damaging particle tests are an experimental approach for validating these defined cleanliness requirements. This methodical approach is not yet widely used. For one, the test setup must be developed and proven for the respective application. For another, in order to carry out the tests in a systematic manner, defined test particles with properties similar to those of the contaminants encountered in reality are required. In the second part of the paper, the process chain for manufacturing artificial test swarf by micro powder injection molding (MicroPIM) is described. The size and shape of the swarf were derived from real swarf via several abstraction processes. Although certain design guidelines for MicroPIM parts could not be taken into account, the targeted manufacturing tolerances were achieved in most cases. During demolding, it became apparent that the higher ejection forces of the free-formed geometries must be taken more into account in the design of the mold. The experiments on the test setup also revealed that the artificial test swarf was unexpectedly brittle and was therefore ground up in the bearing gap without causing any substantial damage to the bearing. Thus, the artificial test swarf in its current sintered state is not a suitable substitute for micromilled swarf. However, MicroPIM could still be used to manufacture test particles in applications involving lower mechanical forces.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Production of Artificial Test Swarf to Examine Wear Behavior of Running Engine Components—Part 2: Experimentally Derived Designs

Brag,

Piotter,

Plewa

et al. 2023

Materials

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Investigation of the Surface Properties and Wear Properties of AISI H11 Steel Treated by Auxiliary Heating Plasma Nitriding

et al. 2020

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This paper presents an auxiliary heating method to maintain a uniform specimen temperature and precisely control nitriding temperature during plasma nitriding. The surface properties and wear properties of AISI H11 steel treated by auxiliary heating plasma nitriding are investigated. Firstly, the specimens with different diffusion layers and different hardness levels are fabricated through changing the plasma nitriding temperature. Secondly, the surface properties of the plasma-nitrided H11 steel specimens are characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer, metallographic microscope and microhardness tester. The results show that the surface hardness of the plasma-nitrided specimen is almost twice as high as that of the untreated specimen. The thickness of diffusion layer increases with the increase of nitriding temperature. However, the surface hardness firstly increases and then decreases with the increase of the nitriding temperature. Finally, the wear properties of untreated and plasma-nitrided H11 steel specimens are investigated under different friction conditions. The results show that the plasma-nitriding method can significantly improve the wear resistance of AISI H11 steel. The friction coefficient fluctuations of the plasma-nitrided specimens are all lower than those of the untreated specimens. In addition, the wear rates of the plasma-nitrided specimens rise along with load, and reduce along with the sliding speed and friction temperature.

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Different Behaviors of Friction in Open and Closed Forging Test Utilizing Palm Oil-Based Lubricants

et al. 2023

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Increasing demand for manufactured goods in industries such as automobiles, electronics, construction, and aerospace has motivated researchers to develop sustainable manufacturing processes. Most metal-forming lubricants are not eco-friendly; they may cause substantial chemical emissions and constitute a community threat. Bio-oil lubricants are seen as possible replacements for mineral oil-based lubricants. Computational modelling of the forging process uses the finite element method to accelerate and improve design. This research intends to act as a case study and demonstrate how friction behaves differently in open-closed forging tests of different palm oil derivatives. The relationship between the different types of friction was studied using a cold forging test in conjunction with the development of a Coulomb–Tresca friction model. From the results, it can be shown that the friction behavior for the closed forging test (CFT) and the ring compression test (RCT) differs; the CFT exhibits a diversified friction adaptation, while the RCT exhibits a single friction adaptation. From both tests, palm stearin (PS) shows the lowest friction behavior where at RCT the friction is estimated at m = 0.10/μ = 0.05 and the CFT has a varied friction and the average friction is estimated at m = 0.352/μ = 0.1626. On the other hand, commercial metal-forming oil (CMFO) shows the highest lubrication sample in friction, where the value of friction is similar to the no lubricant sample (NA-O), which is (m = 0.45/μ = 0.1875) on the RCT test and (m = 0.424/μ = 0.1681) on the CFT test.

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Effect of Annealing Time and Temperature Parameters on the Microstructure, Hardness and Strain-Hardening Coefficients of 42CrMo4 Steel

Cited by 10 publications

References 38 publications

Development and Production of Artificial Test Swarf to Examine Wear Behavior of Running Engine Components—Part 2: Experimentally Derived Designs

Development and Production of Artificial Test Swarf to Examine Wear Behavior of Running Engine Components—Part 2: Experimentally Derived Designs

Investigation of the Surface Properties and Wear Properties of AISI H11 Steel Treated by Auxiliary Heating Plasma Nitriding

Different Behaviors of Friction in Open and Closed Forging Test Utilizing Palm Oil-Based Lubricants

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