Finite Element-Based Simulation for Edgewise Compression Behavior of Corrugated Paperboard for Packaging of Agricultural Products

Park, Jong-Min; Park, Min-Jung; Choi, Dong Soo; Jung, Hyun Mo; Hwang, Sung Wook

doi:10.3390/app10196716

Cited by 29 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This property seems to be significantly important if one would like to compute the deteriorated properties of the cardboard, basing only on its crushed shape and knowing intact properties of the corrugated cardboard (A k matrix). As shown, by introducing the analytical formulation, Equation (4), with adequate parameters, see Table 2, to determine the crushed shape one does not have to perform costly FE analysis [37,38], nor have to use advanced (plastic) material constitutive models, see Figure 6. The analytical formulation may be therefore adopted in optimization or inverse problem frameworks, in which computational cost should be limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crushing of Single-Walled Corrugated Board during Converting: Experimental and Numerical Study

et al. 2021

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Corrugated cardboard is an ecological material, mainly because, in addition to virgin cellulose fibers also the fibers recovered during recycling process are used in its production. However, the use of recycled fibers causes slight deterioration of the mechanical properties of the corrugated board. In addition, converting processes such as printing, die-cutting, lamination, etc. cause micro-damage in the corrugated cardboard layers. In this work, the focus is precisely on the crushing of corrugated cardboard. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted, in which the different types of single-walled corrugated cardboards were pressed in a fully controlled manner to check the impact of the crush on the basic material parameters. The amount of crushing (with a precision of 10 micrometers) was controlled by a precise FEMat device, for crushing the corrugated board in the range from 10 to 70% of its original thickness. In this study, the influence of crushing on bending, twisting and shear stiffness as well as a residual thickness and edge crush resistance of corrugated board was investigated. Then, a procedure based on a numerical homogenization, taking into account a partial delamination in the corrugated layers to determine the degraded material stiffness was proposed. Finally, using the empirical-numerical method, a simplified calculation model of corrugated cardboard was derived, which satisfactorily reflects the experimental results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crushing of Single-Walled Corrugated Board during Converting: Experimental and Numerical Study

et al. 2021

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“…Here, the rectangular test specimen method with a specimen with dimensions of 100 mm × 25 mm was used. More details about these standards of the ECT can be found in [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full-Field Measurements in the Edge Crush Test of a Corrugated Board—Analytical and Numerical Predictive Models

2021

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This article focuses on the derivation of simplified predictive models for the identification of the overall compressive stiffness and strength of corrugated cardboards. As a representative example an unsymmetrical 5-ply sample (with E and B flute) was used in this study. In order to exclude unreliable displacement measurement in the standard edge crush test, virtual strain gauges were used. Video extensometry was employed to collect measurements from the outer surfaces of the sample on both sides. Additional data allowed real force-displacement curves to be obtained, which were used in the validation procedure. To emulate the experimental results, besides a simple analytical model, a 3D numerical model fully reflecting the geometry of the corrugated board, based on the finite elements method was also built. In both cases good agreement between the experimental results and the analytical and numerical calculations was observed. This proved that the proposed analytical model can be successfully used to determine the overall stiffness and compressive strength of corrugated board, provided that the geometry and properties of all the layers of the board are known. The simple model presented in this work enables quick and reliable design and prototyping of new assemblies without the need to manufacture them.

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“…The most representative paper-based packaging material is the corrugated paperboard, which is an orthotropic engineering structure. The mechanical and directional properties of the corrugated paperboard depend on its structural shape and the properties of the constituent paperboards [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sci. 2021, 11, 7867 2 of 11 recent studies have applied finite element analysis (FEA) to the design of corrugated packages [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite Element Simulation of the Flat Crush Behavior of Corrugated Packages

Park

Sim²,

Jung

2021

Applied Sciences

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Corrugated paperboards are used for packaging because of their high strength-to-weight ratio, recyclability, and biodegradability. Corrugated paperboard consists of a liner and a corrugated medium and has an orthotropic sandwich structure with unique characteristics for each direction owing to its flute shape. In this study, finite element analysis (FEA) was performed on the flat crush behavior of the corrugated paperboard based on the flute type. The stress-strain (SS) curve and shape change of the flute were analyzed during the flat compression. In addition, it was compared with the FEA results through various experiments. The restraints and boundary conditions applied during FEA were used to properly describe the conditions during the experiment. Specifically, the horizontal translation motion of the top and bottom surfaces of the modeled test specimen was constrained during FEA to correspond to the effect of sandpaper attached to the upper and lower plates of the testing machine. This was done to prevent the specimen from sliding in one direction during the flat crush test. The change in the flute shape of the corrugated paperboard by flute type analyzed through experiments and FEA was very similar; although there was a difference in the absolute value between the two methods of the SS curve, the flute type exhibited a similar trend. Therefore, a qualitative comparative study on the flat crush behavior by flute type was possible with the FEA method, as in this study. Further studies on the material properties of the corrugated paperboard components and the modeling methods of the corrugated paperboard will enable the FEA-based simulation technique to be an alternative tool that can replace the flat crush test.

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Finite Element-Based Simulation for Edgewise Compression Behavior of Corrugated Paperboard for Packaging of Agricultural Products

Cited by 29 publications

References 11 publications

Crushing of Single-Walled Corrugated Board during Converting: Experimental and Numerical Study

Crushing of Single-Walled Corrugated Board during Converting: Experimental and Numerical Study

Full-Field Measurements in the Edge Crush Test of a Corrugated Board—Analytical and Numerical Predictive Models

Finite Element Simulation of the Flat Crush Behavior of Corrugated Packages

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