Fingerprint Analysis of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson by High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography

Abstract

Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson is a popular Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with a variety of bioactivities. However, there are some problems that have affected the development of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson. At present, many methods have been reported for the analysis of coumarins in Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson. However, the quality control of coumarins in Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) has not been reported. In this study, analytical high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was successfully used for fingerprint of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson with a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water at 4:6:6.5:3.5 (v/v). The UV wavelength was set at 254 nm. Six coumarin compounds with high biological activity were selected as indicator compounds for the quality control. The HSCCC fingerprint of the Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson was successfully established and there were some differences according to the results of the fingerprint analysis. The present results demonstrate that HSCCC is an established and efficient technique for the fingerprint analysis of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson and can be used to control the quality of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson. In brief, HSCCC is a useful technology for the fingerprint analytical method for TCM.

Photosensitizing Furocoumarins: Content in Plant Matrices and Kinetics of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction

“…The seeds of Cnidium monnieri and the root of Angelica archangelica had similar total furocoumarin content and identified compounds; however, the quantitative patterns differed. Osthole was the most abundant furocoumarin in C. monnieri similarly to data in the literature; the reported minor constituents included, among others, isopimpinellin, auraptenol, and morinzin [25,26]. Imperatorin was identified as the primary furocoumarin of A. archangelica in the literature; unidentified compounds might include pimpinellin and phellopterin [27][28][29].…”

Biosynthesis, characterization, and antifungal activity of plant-mediated silver nanoparticles using Cnidium monnieri fruit extract

“…According to modern research, the mechanism of treating T. rubrum is that the water extract from C. monnieri can destroy the mycelial morphology and internal structure of T. rubrum and inhibit its growth ( Yanyun et al, 2021 ). The extract of C. monnieri fruit contains various reducing components, including flavonoids, coumarins, phenolic acids, and lignans, which contribute to the reduction of silver nitrate ( Wu et al, 2019 ; Ni et al, 2020 ). The complex components contained in the extract of C. monnieri fruit are coated on silver nanoparticles to prevent aggregation and facilitate the stability of silver nanoparticles.…”

Coumarins of Lovage Roots (Levisticum officinale W.D.J.Koch): LC-MS Profile, Quantification, and Stability during Postharvest Storage

“…Application of HPLC–PDA–ESI–tQ–MS and micro-sized column (1 × 50 mm) successfully separated 25 metabolites in 5 min in fresh lovage root extract. Identification was achieved after comparison of retention times and ultraviolet (UV) and mass spectra with reference standards and the literature data [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ] ( Figure 1 a and Table 2 ). The most abundant group of metabolites was coumarins, including nineteen compounds ( 1 – 3 , 5 , 6 , 9 , 10 , 14 – 25 ), and a lesser group of hydroxycinnamates consisted of six acids ( 4 , 7 , 8 , and 11 – 13 ).…”

“…Simple coumarins with a bicyclic structure included esculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin, 5 ) and two of its glycosides, i.e., of esculin (esculetin 6- O -glucoside, 1 ) [ 51 ] and cichoriin (esculetin 7- O -glucoside, 2 ) [ 52 ]; umbelliferone (7-hydroxycoumarin, 10 ) and two of its glycosides, i.e., skimmin (umbelliferone O -glucoside, 6 ) [ 55 ] and apiosylskimmin ( 3 ) [ 39 ]; and osthole (7-methoxy-8-isopentenylcoumarin, 23 ) [ 61 ] ( Figure 2 ). None of the simple coumarins were previously found in the lovage roots.…”