Fine-tuning the pH response of polymersomes for mimicking and controlling the cell membrane functionality

Gumz, Hannes; Lai, Thu Hang; Voit, Brigitte; Appelhans, Dietmar

doi:10.1039/c7py00089h

Cited by 41 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The most surprising result of this storage experiment is that in both loading processes encapsulated myoglobin is not released. This can be explained with the fact that at pH 5 the diameter of swollen polymersome is larger than at pH 6 . This may include a lower permeability of swollen polymersome at pH 6.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Functional Synthetic Cells: In‐Depth Study of Nanoparticle and Enzyme Diffusion through a Cross‐Linked Polymersome Membrane

et al. 2019

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Understanding the diffusion of nanoparticles through permeable membranes in cell mimics paves the way for the construction of more sophisticated synthetic protocells with control over the exchange of nanoparticles or biomacromolecules between different compartments. Nanoparticles postloading by swollen pH switchable polymersomes is investigated and nanoparticles locations at or within polymersome membrane and polymersome lumen are precisely determined. Validation of transmembrane diffusion properties is performed based on nanoparticles of different origin—gold, glycopolymer protein mimics, and the enzymes myoglobin and esterase—with dimensions between 5 and 15 nm. This process is compared with the in situ loading of nanoparticles during polymersome formation and analyzed by advanced multiple‐detector asymmetrical flow field‐flow fractionation (AF4). These experiments are supported by complementary i) release studies of protein mimics from polymersomes, ii) stability and cyclic pH switches test for in polymersome encapsulated myoglobin, and iii) cryogenic transmission electron microscopy studies on nanoparticles loaded polymersomes. Different locations (e.g., membrane and/or lumen) are identified for the uptake of each protein. The protein locations are extracted from the increasing scaling parameters and the decreasing apparent density of enzyme‐containing polymersomes as determined by AF4. Postloading demonstrates to be a valuable tool for the implementation of cell‐like functions in polymersomes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Functional Synthetic Cells: In‐Depth Study of Nanoparticle and Enzyme Diffusion through a Cross‐Linked Polymersome Membrane

et al. 2019

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“…Stimuli‐responsive (light, pH, temperature, and redox) disassembly or (partial) degradation of polymersomes has been established for potential therapeutic delivery of biologically active molecules. Release mechanisms of (macro)molecules from polymersomes without disassembly are also discussed which make use of change in the polymersome membrane permeability induced by light or by mechanical, physical, and chemical triggers . However, for the successful use of polymersomes in synthetic biology and in protocells, the interplay of other key characteristics is required.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Docking and Undocking Processes Addressing Selectively the Outside and Inside of Polymersomes

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Siedel

Gumz

et al. 2017

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Increasing complexity and diversity of polymersomes and their compartments is a key issue for mimicking cellular functions and protocells. Thus, new challenges arise in terms of achieving tunable membrane permeability and combining it with control over the membrane diffusion process, and thus enabling a localized and dynamic control of functionality and docking possibilities within or on the surface of polymeric compartments. This study reports the concept of polymersomes with pH-tunable membrane permeability for controlling sequential docking and undocking processes of small molecules and nanometer-sized protein mimics selectively on the inside and outside of the polymersome membrane as a further step toward the design of intelligent multifunctional compartments for use in synthetic biology and as protocells. Host-guest interactions between adamantane and β-cyclodextrin as well as noncovalent interactions between poly(ethylene glycol) tails and β-cyclodextrin are used to achieve selective and dynamic functionalization of the inner and outer spheres of the polymersome membrane.

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“…Generally, the polydispersity (PDI) of all these samples are in the range of 0.15 and 0.22 as found in our previous studies. 16,17,20,28 D h data from DLS always respect the contribution of water shell surrounding Psome and, thus, are always larger than the geometrical diameter of shrunken Psome investigated by cryo-TEM. 16,17,20,28 This observation is also made in the present study, exemplied for Psome frozen and Psome-FD-Inu.…”

Section: Reconstitution Properties Of Empty Polymersomes Aer Cryogenmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The irradiation procedure was carried out with 2 mL of polymersome solution. 16,20,28 (b)Preparation of frozen (Psome frozen) and freeze-dried (Psome-FD) polymersomes solutions and re-dissolving procedure Psome frozen. Samples were frozen at À20 C for different time periods (1, 7, 14 and 30 days) and slowly thawed to room temperature for carrying out DLS measurements, pH-titration experiments, cyclic pH switches and cryo-TEM study.…”

Section: Synthesis Of the Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstitution properties of biologically active polymersomes after cryogenic freezing and a freeze-drying process

et al. 2018

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Fine-tuning the pH response of polymersomes for mimicking and controlling the cell membrane functionality

Abstract: To expand the biomedical applications of pH responsive polymersomes a concept is presented for precisely adjusting the pH triggered transition of the membrane permeability.

Cited by 41 publications

References 30 publications

Toward Functional Synthetic Cells: In‐Depth Study of Nanoparticle and Enzyme Diffusion through a Cross‐Linked Polymersome Membrane

Toward Functional Synthetic Cells: In‐Depth Study of Nanoparticle and Enzyme Diffusion through a Cross‐Linked Polymersome Membrane

Dynamic Docking and Undocking Processes Addressing Selectively the Outside and Inside of Polymersomes

Reconstitution properties of biologically active polymersomes after cryogenic freezing and a freeze-drying process

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