Fine Structure of the Hydrogen Atom. V

Triebwasser, S.; Dayhoff, E. S.; Lamb, Willis E.

doi:10.1103/physrev.89.98

Cited by 181 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Some of these have been measured and calculated with great accuracy. The most famous examples are 1. the electrostatic polarizability of quantum fluctuations of the QED vacuum has been measured in the Lamb shift [146,147].…”

Section: Quantum Electro-dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron–positron pairs in physics and astrophysics: From heavy nuclei to black holes

Ruffini¹,

Vereshchagin²,

Xue³

2010

Physics Reports

483

305

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Due to the interaction of physics and astrophysics we are witnessing in these years a splendid synthesis of theoretical, experimental and observational results originating from three fundamental physical processes. They were originally proposed by Dirac, by Breit and Wheeler and by Sauter, Heisenberg, Euler and Schwinger. For almost seventy years they have all three been followed by a continued effort of experimental verification on Earth-based experiments. The Dirac process, e + e − → 2γ, has been by far the most successful. It has obtained extremely accurate experimental verification and has led as well to an enormous number of new physics in possibly one of the most fruitful experimental avenues by introduction of storage rings in Frascati and followed by the largest accelerators worldwide: DESY, SLAC etc. The Breit-Wheeler process, 2γ → e + e − , although conceptually simple, being the inverse process of the Dirac one, has been by far one of the most difficult to be verified experimentally. Only recently, through the technology based on free electron X-ray laser and its numerous applications in Earth-based experiments, some first indications of its possible verification have been reached. The vacuum polarization process in strong electromagnetic field, pioneered by Sauter, Heisenberg, Euler and Schwinger, introduced the concept of critical electric field E c = m 2 e c 3 /(e ). It has been searched without success for more than forty years by heavy-ion collisions in many of the leading particle accelerators worldwide.The novel situation today is that these same processes can be studied on a much more grandiose scale during the gravitational collapse leading to the formation of a black hole being observed in Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs). This report is dedicated to the scientific race. The theoretical and experimental work developed in Earth-based laboratories is confronted with the theoretical interpretation of space-based observations of phenomena originating on cosmological scales. What has become clear in the last ten years is that all the three above mentioned processes, duly extended in the general relativistic framework, are necessary for the understanding of the physics of the gravitational collapse to a black hole. Vice versa, the natural arena where these processes can be observed in mutual interaction and on an unprecedented scale, is indeed the realm of relativistic astrophysics.We systematically analyze the conceptual developments which have followed the basic work of Dirac and Breit-Wheeler. We also recall how the seminal work of Born and Infeld inspired the work by Sauter, Heisenberg and Euler on effective Lagrangian leading to the estimate of the rate for the process of electron-positron production in 1 a constant electric field. In addition of reviewing the intuitive semi-classical treatment of quantum mechanical tunneling for describing the process of electron-positron production, we recall the calculations in Quantum Electro-Dynamics of the Schwinger rate and effective Lagrangian for cons...

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Section: Quantum Electro-dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron–positron pairs in physics and astrophysics: From heavy nuclei to black holes

Ruffini¹,

Vereshchagin²,

Xue³

2010

Physics Reports

483

305

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Lamb and Retherford (1947) demonstrated by microwave methods that the 2S1/2 level was displaced upwards relative to the 2P1/2 level by a small amount of the order of 1000 MHz. Subsequent experiments (Triebwasser et al, 1953) have yielded extremely accurate values for the Lamb shifts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Lamb shifts for hydrogen, using the sachs elementary interaction theory

Edwards

1975

Int J Theor Phys

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The Lamb shifts of the $1/2 and P1/2 states of hydrogen atoms are calculated using the Sachs elementary interaction theory. Both $1/2 and P1/2 levels are shifted with respect to the Dirac levels by energies of the same order of magnitude. Agreement with experiment is obtained for the 2S1/2 -2P1/2 and 3S~/2 -3P1/2 Lamb shifts, but the predicted IS1/2 -2391/2 Lamb shift term of 12,164 MHz is in disagreement with the experimental value of 7860 + 1140 MHz.

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“…Crosstalk data consists of one more recording of a *We used Hewlett-Packard 5202L and 5203L Sealer-Timers. The stated maximum count rate of these devices is 5xl0 6 counts/sec. The counting rate for the He beam was 6x10" counts/sec, which is well below the limit of the scaler.…”

Section: Crosstalk Substractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…which include higher order correction terms, such as relativistic bound state contributions of the order of a 2 (« 50xl0" 6 ), bound state radiative corrections of the order of a 3 (w O.lxlO" 6 ) and nuclear finite mass corrections of the order M of a 2 "w-(« 0.01 -E-x 10" 6 ), where a is the fine structure constant given M by a = e ,2 /nc, m is the electron mass, M is the proton mass, and M is the nuclear mass. Besides the desire to perform an important precision experiment, the discrepancy between the two experimental results published in 1958 and 1972 was the motivation of the study presented in this thesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precision measurement of the gJ-factor of 4He in the 23S1 metastable state

Ayguen¹

1973

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Fine Structure of the Hydrogen Atom. V

Cited by 181 publications

References 5 publications

Electron–positron pairs in physics and astrophysics: From heavy nuclei to black holes

Electron–positron pairs in physics and astrophysics: From heavy nuclei to black holes

Lamb shifts for hydrogen, using the sachs elementary interaction theory

Precision measurement of the g<sub>J</sub>-factor of <sup>4</sup>He in the 2<sup>3</sup>S<sub>1</sub> metastable state

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