Fine Particulate Matter Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Carbonaceous Species in Delhi’s Atmosphere: Seasonal Variation, Sources, and Health Risk Assessment

Yadav, Amit K.; Sarkar, Sayantan; Jyethi, Darpa Saurav; Rawat, Prashant; Aithani, Deeksha; Siddiqui, Zainab; Khillare, P. S.

doi:10.1007/s41810-021-00094-6

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Carbon monoxide (CO) isa toxic, odorless, and colorless air pollutant which is a poisonous atmospheric pollutant affecting human beings, plants, animals and environment (Dey and Dhal 2019). Yadav et al (2021) performed an experimental investigation to estimate the sources and health risks of PM 2.5 PAHs and the carbonaceous species environment of Delhi. Authors reported carcinogenic PAHs put up ̴ 41.4% to the aerosol PAHs load in the Delhi atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization from Diesel and Renewable Fuel Engine Exhaust: Particulate Size/Mass Distributions and Optical Properties

et al. 2023

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Combustion of fossil fuel produces emissions and is one of the major environmental problems leading to climate change. Diesel engines are highly efficient but produce particulate emissions. These particulate emissions are considered dangerous to human health because inhaling particulates may cause respiratory and heart disease. Substituting fossil diesel fuel with renewable diesel fuel and using diesel particulate filters is one possibility to meet stringent legislative requirements. With this motivation, the present experimental investigation aimed to evaluate the particle size distribution (PSD), optical properties of particulate matter (PM) emitted, and the outcome of using an after-treatment system comprising of a diesel particle filter (DPF). This investigation aimed to make a comparative analysis of particulate emission upstream and downstream of the DPF with and without ultraviolet (UV) light (405 nm and 781 nm wavelength) turned on/off. Experiments were performed at (a) engine idle with a torque of 6 Nm at 750 rpm, IMEP of 1.35 bar and power of 0.5 kW, (b) engine at part load with a torque of 32 Nm at 1200 rpm, IMEP of 8.5 bar and power of 4.5 kW. Diesel engine was operated on two fuels (a) Diesel and (b) EHR7. Results showed that as and when UV light was turned on, a distinct nucleation mode that dominated the number concentration for both test fuels were observed. Downstream of the filter had relatively higher AAE values which show the contribution to climate change. Present experimental research is important for renewable fuel industries, industrial innovation's future, and the exhaust gas after-treatment system (EATS) community. The results contribute to knowledge for occupational exposure, human health, and the environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization from Diesel and Renewable Fuel Engine Exhaust: Particulate Size/Mass Distributions and Optical Properties

et al. 2023

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“…In Delhi, India, a study showed that exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHSs) bound to carbonaceous species of PM increased the risk of cancer. They exposed that if the population of Delhi inhales the concentrations found of PAHs throughout their lives, cancer cases could increase by 25 cases per million inhabitants [57]. These PAHs as components of OC, in addition to being carcinogenic, can be mutagenic and teratogenic, which represents a severe threat to human health [71].…”

Section: Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Characterization and Measurement of the Carbonaceous Fraction of Particulate Matter

Correa-Ochoa,

Bedoya,

Gómez

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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The carbonaceous particles represent a significant fraction in the particulate matter (PM) and are considered an environmental hazard due to their effects on climate and health. The main goal in this research is to identify and analyze the scope that have been achieved so far on the characterization and measurement of the carbonaceous fraction present in PM, a great contribution to global pollution and thus to the deterioration of public health. The ProKnow-C methodology was used to build a bibliographic portfolio and perform a bibliometric and systemic analysis of the information found in the chosen databases. The contribution of these carbonaceous compounds to PM is very significant, reaching values up to 50%. The most used methods for the determination of organic and elemental carbon are thermo-optical reflectance and transmittance. Positive Factorization models are used worldwide to determine potential sources of particulate matter emissions. Even though various studies have been developed to understand these carbonaceous substances, there are several limitations in the measurements and limited knowledge on the subject. The positive outcomes and future possibilities were analyzed as well.

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“…Secondary species have been shown to be significant contributors to PM 1 and PM 2.5 mass in Delhi, with organics contributing 40 %-70 % of PM 1 mass (Gani et al, 2019;Shivani et al, 2019;Reyes-Villegas et al, 2021;Sharma and Mandal, 2017). However, limited molecular-level analysis of organic aerosol (OA) has been undertaken (Chowdhury et al, 2004;Elzein et al, 2020;Miyazaki et al, 2009;Singh et al, 2021Singh et al, , 2012Yadav et al, 2021). Kirillova et al (2014) analysed the sources of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in Delhi, using radiocarbon measurement constraints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogenic and anthropogenic sources of isoprene and monoterpenes and their secondary organic aerosol in Delhi, India

Bryant

Nelson²,

Swift³

et al. 2023

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Isoprene and monoterpene emissions to the atmosphere are generally dominated by biogenic sources. The oxidation of these compounds can lead to the production of secondary organic aerosol; however the impact of this chemistry in polluted urban settings has been poorly studied. Isoprene and monoterpenes can form secondary organic aerosol (SOA) heterogeneously via anthropogenic–biogenic interactions, resulting in the formation of organosulfate (OS) and nitrooxy-organosulfate (NOS) species. Delhi, India, is one of the most polluted cities in the world, but little is known about the emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or the sources of SOA. As part of the DELHI-FLUX project, gas-phase mixing ratios of isoprene and speciated monoterpenes were measured during pre- and post-monsoon measurement campaigns in central Delhi. Nocturnal mixing ratios of the VOCs were substantially higher during the post-monsoon (isoprene: (0.65±0.43) ppbv; limonene: (0.59±0.11) ppbv; α-pinene: (0.13±0.12) ppbv) than the pre-monsoon (isoprene: (0.13±0.18) ppbv; limonene: 0.011±0.025 (ppbv); α-pinene: 0.033±0.009) period. At night, isoprene and monoterpene concentrations correlated strongly with CO during the post-monsoon period. Filter samples of particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) were collected and the OS and NOS content analysed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS2). Inorganic sulfate was shown to facilitate the formation of isoprene OS species across both campaigns. Sulfate contained within OS and NOS species was shown to contribute significantly to the sulfate signal measured via AMS. Strong nocturnal enhancements of NOS species were observed across both campaigns. The total concentration of OS and NOS species contributed an average of (2.0±0.9) % and (1.8±1.4) % to the total oxidized organic aerosol and up to a maximum of 4.2 % and 6.6 % across the pre- and post-monsoon periods, respectively. Overall, this study provides the first molecular-level measurements of SOA derived from isoprene and monoterpene in Delhi and demonstrates that both biogenic and anthropogenic sources of these compounds can be important in urban areas.

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Fine Particulate Matter Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Carbonaceous Species in Delhi’s Atmosphere: Seasonal Variation, Sources, and Health Risk Assessment

Cited by 6 publications

References 110 publications

Characterization from Diesel and Renewable Fuel Engine Exhaust: Particulate Size/Mass Distributions and Optical Properties

Characterization from Diesel and Renewable Fuel Engine Exhaust: Particulate Size/Mass Distributions and Optical Properties

A Review on the Characterization and Measurement of the Carbonaceous Fraction of Particulate Matter

Biogenic and anthropogenic sources of isoprene and monoterpenes and their secondary organic aerosol in Delhi, India

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