Fine ash content of explosive eruptions

Rose, William I.; Durant, Adam J.

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.01.010

Cited by 227 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

157

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…5c) is also unequivocal evidence for clast recycling. Abrasion and comminution during abundant clast collisions in the vent and in turbulent eruption columns would also contribute to the high proportion of fine ash present (Kokelaar 1983;Rose and Durant 2009). The occurrence of scoria lapillistone and agglutinate with large juvenile bombs up to 3 m long is also consistent with the fragmental deposits being vent proximal.…”

Section: Style Of Eruption At Harrow Peaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

A tuff cone erupted under frozen-bed ice (northern Victoria Land, Antarctica): linking glaciovolcanic and cosmogenic nuclide data for ice sheet reconstructions

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The remains of a small volcanic centre are preserved on a thin bedrock ridge at Harrow Peaks, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica. The outcrop is interpreted as a monogenetic tuff cone relict formed by a hydrovolcanic (phreatomagmatic) eruption of mafic magma at 642 ± 20 ka (by 40 Ar-39 Ar), corresponding to the peak of the Marine Isotope Stage 16 (MIS16) glacial. Although extensively dissected and strewn with glacial erratics, the outcrop shows no evidence for erosion by ice. From interpretation of the lithofacies and eruptive mechanisms, the weight of the evidence suggests that eruptions took place under a cold-based (frozen-bed) ice sheet. This is the first time that a tuff cone erupted under cold ice has been described. The most distinctive feature of the lithofacies is the dominance of massive lapilli tuff rich in fine ash matrix and abraded lapilli. The lack of stratification is probably due to repeated eruption through a conduit blasted through the ice covering the vent. The ice thickness is uncertain but it might have been as little as 100 m and the preserved tephra accumulated mainly as a crater (or ice conduit) infill. The remainder of the tuff cone edifice was probably deposited supraglacially and underwent destruction by ice advection and, particularly, collapse during a younger interglacial. Dating using 10 Be cosmogenic exposure of granitoid basement erratics indicates that the erratics are unrelated to the eruptive period. The 10 Be ages suggest that the volcanic outcrop was most recently exposed by ice decay at c. 20.8 ± 0.8 ka (MIS2) and the associated ice was thicker than at 642 ka and probably polythermal rather than cold-based, which is normally assumed for the period.

show abstract

Section: Style Of Eruption At Harrow Peaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

A tuff cone erupted under frozen-bed ice (northern Victoria Land, Antarctica): linking glaciovolcanic and cosmogenic nuclide data for ice sheet reconstructions

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(Carey & Sigurdsson, 1982;Sorem, 1982;McGimsey et al, 2002). Sin embargo, un reciente artículo de Rose & Durant (2009) proporciona una muy valiosa oportunidad de probar la idea de que, además del proceso de agregación, la tephra puede estar sometida a fragmentaciones terciarias, pues analiza, utilizando SFT, las granulometrías de la erupción de 1974 del volcán Fuego (Guatemala), recogidas a 20, 38,40 200 y 252 Km del cráter. Esta erupción fue de carácter sub-pliniana, y género magma basáltico.…”

Section: Cenizas Finasunclassified

“…Las características de las cenizas finas reportadas en Rose & Durant (2009) son relativamente generales pues muestra depósitos de ceniza con una distribución bimodal en tamaño con modos en ≈ 10 y ≈ 200 μm, con el modo más fino volviéndose el dominante al alejarse de la fuente, hasta volverse una distribución esencialmente unimodal (Sparks et al, 1997). Rose & Durant (2009) entienden por "cenizas finas" (fine ashes) aquellas con diámetros <1000 μm que se depositan con Reynolds < 500.…”

Section: Cenizas Finasunclassified

See 1 more Smart Citation

Erupción del volcán de fuego (Guatemala, 1974): ¿Evidencia de una fragmentación terciaria?

Brenes-André¹

2014

Rev. Geol. Amér. Central

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT:Values for mode and dispersion calculated from SFT application to volcano Fuego 1974 eruption were analyzed with the SFT (Sequential Fragmentation/Transport) model. Analysis results show that the ideas initially proposed for Irazú can also be applied to volcano Fuego. Experimental evidence was found to prove the existence of a tertiary fragmentation process, as suggest itself from Irazú analysis. Keywords: SFT, Irazú, Fuego volcano, tertiary fragmentation. RESUMEN:Los valores de moda y dispersión obtenidos a partir de la SFT para la erupción del volcán Fuego (Guatemala, 1974) fueron analizados con ayuda del modelo SFT (Sequential Fragmentation/Transport). Los resultados del análisis muestran que las ideas inicialmente desarrolladas para el Irazú, pueden aplicarse también al volcán Fuego. Así mismo, se encontró evidencia experimental que corrobora la existencia de fragmentaciones terciarias (definidas en el texto).

show abstract

“…Tephra is the product of explosive volcanic eruptions and is composed of pulverised fragments of rock, minerals and glass (SiO 2 ). Fine-grained tephra (defined here as <2 mm particle diameter), also known as volcanic ash (Rose and Durant 2009), can be dispersed large distances by winds. Even in small eruptions, thousands of square kilometres may be impacted by tephra falls (Johnston et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential impacts from tephra fall to electric power systems: a review and mitigation strategies

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Modern society is highly dependent on a reliable electricity supply. During explosive volcanic eruptions, tephra contamination of power networks (systems) can compromise the reliability of supply. Outages can have significant cascading impacts for other critical infrastructure sectors and for society as a whole. This paper summarises known impacts to power systems following tephra falls since 1980. The main impacts are (1) supply outages from insulator flashover caused by tephra contamination, (2) disruption of generation facilities, (3) controlled outages during tephra cleaning, (4) abrasion and corrosion of exposed equipment and (5) line (conductor) breakage due to tephra loading. Of these impacts, insulator flashover is the most common disruption. The review highlights multiple instances of electric power systems exhibiting tolerance to tephra falls, suggesting that failure thresholds exist and should be identified to avoid future unplanned interruptions. To address this need, we have produced a fragility function that quantifies the likelihood of insulator flashover at different thicknesses of tephra. Finally, based on our review of case studies, potential mitigation strategies are summarised. Specifically, avoiding tephra-induced insulator flashover by cleaning key facilities such as generation sites and transmission and distribution substations is of critical importance in maintaining the integrity of an electric power system.

show abstract

Fine ash content of explosive eruptions

Cited by 227 publications

References 23 publications

A tuff cone erupted under frozen-bed ice (northern Victoria Land, Antarctica): linking glaciovolcanic and cosmogenic nuclide data for ice sheet reconstructions

A tuff cone erupted under frozen-bed ice (northern Victoria Land, Antarctica): linking glaciovolcanic and cosmogenic nuclide data for ice sheet reconstructions

Erupción del volcán de fuego (Guatemala, 1974): ¿Evidencia de una fragmentación terciaria?

Potential impacts from tephra fall to electric power systems: a review and mitigation strategies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About