Fine and ultrafine particles concentrations in vape shops

Nguyen, Charlene; Li, Liqiao; Sen, Chanbopha Amy; Ronquillo, Emilio; Zhu, Yifang

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.05.015

Cited by 30 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A recent study documented that there were two modes of particle diameters of~60 nm and 250 nm in busy vape shops with doors closed. The aerosol shifted from a bimodal size distribution to a relatively smaller, unimodal distribution at 40 nm after the door was open 94 . A group of researchers concluded that the inconsistency of particlesize distributions of e-cigarette aerosols might be due to the impacts of e-liquid components, humidity, vaping patterns, and e-cigarette device heating power 95 .…”

Section: Major Sources Of Indoor Ufpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafine particles: unique physicochemical properties relevant to health and disease

2020

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Ultrafine particles (UFPs) are aerosols with an aerodynamic diameter of 0.1 µm (100 nm) or less. There is a growing concern in the public health community about the contribution of UFPs to human health. Despite their modest mass and size, they dominate in terms of the number of particles in the ambient air. A particular concern about UFPs is their ability to reach the most distal lung regions (alveoli) and circumvent primary airway defenses. Moreover, UFPs have a high surface area and a capacity to adsorb a substantial amount of toxic organic compounds. Harmful systemic health effects of PM 10 or PM 2.5 are often attributable to the UFP fraction. In this review, we examine the physicochemical characteristics of UFPs to enable a better understanding of the effects of these particles on human health. The characteristics of UFPs from diesel combustion will be discussed in the greatest detail because road vehicles are the primary source of UFP emissions in urban pollution hotspots. Finally, we will elaborate on the role of UFPs on global climate change, since the adverse effects of UFPs on meteorological processes and the hydrological cycle may even be more harmful to human health than their direct toxic effects.

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Section: Major Sources Of Indoor Ufpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafine particles: unique physicochemical properties relevant to health and disease

2020

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“…E-cig particles are primarily in the submicron size range (Fuoco et al 2014; Ingebrethsen, Cole, and Alderman 2012), exhibiting considerable differences in terms of size distribution ranging from a single mode to a tri-modal distribution reported by different studies (see Table S1 in the online supplementary information [SI]). Previous studies have also reported that the e-cig particle size distributions varied depending on e-cig puffing parameters (i.e., puffing flow rate, particle residence time, and the amounts of puffs) and environmental factors (i.e., temperature, relative humidity, and dilution factor) (Feng, Kleinstreuer, and Rostami 2015;Floyd et al 2018;Fuoco et al 2014;Manigrasso et al 2015;McAuley et al 2012;Meng et al 2017;Mikheev et al 2016;Mikheev et al 2018;Nguyen et al 2019;Schripp et al 2013;Scungio, Stabile, and Buonanno 2018;Sosnowski and Odziomek 2018;Wright et al 2016;Zervas et al 2018;Zhang, Sumner, and Chen 2013;Zhao et al 2016;Zhao et al 2017). However, limited studies have focused on the effects of e-liquid compositions on ecig particle size distribution, which is important for assessing exposure and related health effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…From our previous e-cig study, a calibration factor of 0.27 was obtained through gravimetric calibration of DustTrak PM2.5 measurements in chamber-puffed ecig aerosols. This calibration factor was applied to correct all PM 2.5 data in this study (Nguyen et al 2019;Zhao et al 2017).…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to tobacco smoke, high levels of particle number concentration (PNC) and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) have been observed in e-cig emissions (Fuoco et al 2014;Ingebrethsen, Cole, and Alderman 2012;Nguyen et al 2019;Williams et al 2013;Zhao et al 2016;Zhao et al 2017). Unlike tobacco cigarettes, which produce smoke by combustion of tobacco leaves, e-cigs generate aerosols via vaporization of the e-liquid, which is made of propylene glycol (PG), vegetable glycerin (VG), nicotine, water, and flavoring compounds (Etter, Zather, and Svensson 2013;Geiss et al 2015;Kim and Shin 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In indoor environments, e-cig particle concentrations decay rapidly over a short distance (>1.5 m) from the source and largely disappear within a few seconds (Martuzevicius et al 2019;Zhao et al 2017). This is likely attributable to both indoor air exchange rate (AER) and particle dynamics which include particle evaporation, surface deposition, coagulation, and gravitational settling (Floyd et al 2018;Goniewicz and Lee 2015;Ingebrethsen, Cole, and Alderman 2012;Meng et al 2017;Mikheev et al 2016;Nguyen et al 2019;Zhao et al 2016). These particle dynamic processes not only change e-cig aerosol concentrations but also affect the particle size distribution which determines the extent and location of particle deposition in the respiratory tract (Hinds 1999), and thus need to be better understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin, and nicotine on emissions and dynamics of electronic cigarette aerosols

Lee

Nguyen

et al. 2020

Aerosol Science and Technology

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An electronic cigarette (e-cig) generates aerosols by vaporizing the e-liquid, which mainly consists of propylene glycol (PG), vegetable glycerin (VG), and nicotine. Understanding the effects of e-liquid main compositions on e-cig aerosols is important for exposure assessment. This study investigated how the PG/VG ratio and nicotine content affect e-cig aerosol emissions and dynamics. A tank-based e-cig device with 10 different flavorless e-liquid mixtures (e.g., PG/VG ratios of 0/100, 10/90, 30/70, 50/50, and 100/0 with 0.0% or 2.4% nicotine) was used to puff aerosols into a 0.46 m 3 stainless steel chamber for 0.5 h. Real-time measurements of particle number concentration (PNC), fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), and particle size distributions were conducted continuously throughout the puffing and the following 2-h decay period. During the decay period, particle loss rates were determined by a first-order log-linear regression and used to calculate the emission factor. The addition of nicotine in the e-liquid significantly decreased the particle number emission factor by 33%. The PM 2.5 emission factor significantly decreased with greater PG content in the e-liquid. For nicotine-free e-liquids, increasing the PG/VG ratio resulted in increased particle loss rates measured by PNC and PM 2.5 . This pattern was not observed with nicotine in the e-liquids. The particle loss rates, however, were significantly different with and without nicotine especially when the PG/VG ratios were greater than 30/70. Compared with nonvolatile diethyl-hexyl subacute (DEHS) aerosols, e-cig particle concentration decayed faster inside the chamber, presumably due to evaporation. These results have potential implications for assessing human exposure to e-cig aerosols.

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2023

Indoor Air Quality

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Fine and ultrafine particles concentrations in vape shops

Cited by 30 publications

References 28 publications

Ultrafine particles: unique physicochemical properties relevant to health and disease

Ultrafine particles: unique physicochemical properties relevant to health and disease

Effects of propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin, and nicotine on emissions and dynamics of electronic cigarette aerosols

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