Financing sanitation and cost recovery in the slums of Dar es Salaam and Kampala

Dijk, Meine Pieter van; Etajak, Samuel; Mwalwega, Beatrice; Ssempebwa, John C.

doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.02.003

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…These socio-economic dynamics therefore reveal that there are differences between landlords’ and tenants’ preferences, thus advancing the theory that tenants have less incentive to invest in sanitation facilities because landlords will harness the benefits through rent increments [ 8 , 72 ]. These different preferences have also been reported in studies done in Kampala and Dar es Salaam [ 9 ], as well as in Ghana [ 65 ]. Tenants may not be willing to invest in sanitation because of their “temporary” status, and because they feel it is the landlord’s responsibility.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…The prevalent use of pit latrines is not surprising, since other studies and reports indicate that there are fewer sanitation technologies within Kisumu’s informal settlements, and that pit latrines are used by the majority, while septic tanks serve a small minority [ 48 , 52 , 62 ]. This predominance of pit latrines is common in other informal settlements in Uganda [ 63 ], Tanzania [ 9 , 13 ], Rwanda [ 64 ], Senegal [ 32 ] and Ghana [ 65 ]. Possible users of the few septic tanks in Kisumu’s informal settlements would most likely be home owners, who were purposely left out of this study because they were not rent payers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, sanitation has been accorded a low financing priority in informal settlements. Nonetheless, it is important to estimate the cost of sanitation in order to design appropriate financing and cost recovery strategies, to determine if subsidies are required, and establish the kind of subsidies required [ 9 ]. Since subsidies may be costly, private/self-financing options are financing alternatives that can be explored [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, it is important to estimate the cost of sanitation in order to design appropriate financing and cost recovery strategies, to determine if subsidies are required, and establish the kind of subsidies required [ 9 ]. Since subsidies may be costly, private/self-financing options are financing alternatives that can be explored [ 9 ]. Households in informal settlements often provide their own sanitation facilities [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating the Cost and Payment for Sanitation in the Informal Settlements of Kisumu, Kenya: A Cross Sectional Study

Simiyu

Swilling

Rheingans

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Lack of sanitation facilities is a common occurrence in informal settlements that are common in most developing countries. One challenge with sanitation provision in these settlements is the cost and financing of sanitation. This study aimed at estimating the cost of sanitation, and investigating the social and economic dynamics within Kisumu’s informal settlements that hinder provision and uptake of sanitation facilities. Primary data was collected from residents of the settlements, and using logistic and hedonic regression analysis, we identify characteristics of residents with sanitation facilities, and estimate the cost of sanitation as revealed in rental prices. Our study finds that sanitation constitutes approximately 54% of the rent paid in the settlements; and dynamics such as landlords and tenants preferences, and sharing of sanitation facilities influence provision and payment for sanitation. This study contributes to general development by estimating the cost of sanitation, and further identifies barriers and opportunities for improvement including the interplay between landlords and tenants. Provision of sanitation in informal settlements is intertwined in social and economic dynamics, and development approaches should target both landlords and tenants, while also engaging various stakeholders to work together to identify affordable and appropriate sanitation technologies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Estimating the Cost and Payment for Sanitation in the Informal Settlements of Kisumu, Kenya: A Cross Sectional Study

Simiyu

Swilling

Rheingans

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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“…Interventions that are aimed at improving FS services risk failure if estimates of willingness to pay and the cost of service are not incorporated into their design from the beginning. The costs of FS collection have been reported in a handful of recent studies, although it is not well documented in the research literature in general (see Table 1) [6,7,8,9]. Fuel costs are the largest expense for service providers, and the prices are dependent on the volume of the requested truck, the distance between the exhauster truck and the pit, and the amount of solid waste that are found in the pit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs and Willingness to Pay for Pit Latrine Emptying Services in Kigali, Rwanda

Burt

Sklar

Murray

2019

IJERPH

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Kigali, Rwanda lacks a centralized sewer system, which leaves residents to choose between on-site options; the majority of residents in informal settlements use pit latrines as their primary form of sanitation. When their pits fill, the pits are either sealed, or emptied; emptying is often done by hand and then dumped in the environment, putting the residents and the broader population at risk of infectious disease outbreaks. In this paper, we used revealed and stated preference models to: (1) estimate the demand curve for improved emptying services; and, (2) evaluate household preferences and the willingness to pay (WTP) for different attributes of improved emptying services. We also quantify the costs of improved service delivery at different scales of production. The study included 1167 households from Kigali, Rwanda across 30 geographic clusters. Our results show that, at a price of US$79 per pit, 15% of all the pits would be emptied by improved emptying services, roughly the current rate of manual emptying. Grouping empties by neighborhood and ensuring that each truck services an average of four households per day could reduce the production costs to US$44 per empty, ensuring full cost coverage at that price. At a lower price of US$24, we estimate that the sealing of pits might be fully eliminated, with full coverage of improved emptying services for all pits; this would require a relatively small subsidy of US$20 per empty. Our results show that households had strong preferences for fecal sludge (FS) treatment, formalized services (which include worker protections), and distant disposal. The results from the study indicate a few key policies and operational strategies that can be used for maximizing the inclusion of low-income households in safely managed sanitation services, while also incorporating household preferences and participation.

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Water Challenges in Urban Sub-Saharan Africa

Nyika

Dinka

2023

Water Challenges in Rural and Urban Sub-Saharan Africa and Their Management

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Financing sanitation and cost recovery in the slums of Dar es Salaam and Kampala

Cited by 28 publications

References 1 publication

Estimating the Cost and Payment for Sanitation in the Informal Settlements of Kisumu, Kenya: A Cross Sectional Study

Estimating the Cost and Payment for Sanitation in the Informal Settlements of Kisumu, Kenya: A Cross Sectional Study

Costs and Willingness to Pay for Pit Latrine Emptying Services in Kigali, Rwanda

Water Challenges in Urban Sub-Saharan Africa

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