Final report for grant number DE-FG02-06ER64244 to the University of Idaho (RW Smith)-coupling between flow and precipitation in heterogeneous subsurface environments and effects on contaminant fate and transport

Abstract

Precipitation" Scientific Focus Area (SFA). The ultimate goals of the EMSP project and the continuing INL SFA are to provide a scientific basis for the development of methods of amendment distribution in porous media that leads to sequestration of metal contaminants (e.g. strontium-90), and to determine how macroscopic field-scale modeling can be applied to predict the outcome of remediation activities. Using calcium carbonate as a model system, physical experiments, in addition to modeling at the pore-scale and continuum-scale, were and continue to be used to improve the conceptual approach to predicting the impact of flow-precipitation coupling on solute migration. The University of Idaho has responsibility for physical experiments aimed at characterizing calcium carbonate precipitation kinetics, polymorphs formed, and metal contaminant (i.e., Sr) co-precipitation over a wide range of saturation indices University of Idaho conducted calcium carbonate and strontium co-precipitation experiments that attempted to maintain conditions of constant solution composition and levels of supersaturation that are likely to be relevant in the implementation of subsurface remediation strategies. These experiments stand in contrast to our previous investigations using microbially drive precipitation in batch experiments in which individual experiments exhibit wide ranges in composition, saturation state, and precipitation (and co-precipitation) rates. The results from this study provide the basis for developing generalized precipitation and co-precipitation kinetic models that explicitly account for the extent of supersaturation and variations in solution compositions.The application of the kinetic models will enable the more effective deployment of DOE relevant subsurface remediation strategies.

Readability of Academic Turkish Social Sciences Textbook for International Students

“…Çetinkaya ve Uzun, 2011. Bu anlayışlardan biri olan okunabilirlik formüllerinde kelime sayısı, zor kelime sayısı ve cümle sayısı (Dale ve Chall, 1948); hece, kelime ve cümle ortalamaları (Flesch,1948); farklı hece sayılarının, kelime ve cümle ortalamasının dâhil edilmesi (Gunning, 1968); harf sayısı, kelime sayısı ve cümle sayısı (Senter ve Smith, 1967) gibi farklı değişkenleri ele alarak metinlerin düzeyleri hakkında çıkarım yapılmaya çalışılmaktadır. Dil yapılarından kaynaklı farklılıklardan dolayı Türkçe için de uyarlanan ya da geliştirilen çeşitli formüller vardır.…”