Filtration rates of mosquito larvae in suspensions of latex microspheres and yeast cells

Aly, Christoph

doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1988.tb02267.x

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…For example, a fresh weight gain of 1.5 mg larva-' day-' is reported for fourth instars of A.aegypti developing at 28°C (Christophers, 1960), whereas our data extrapolate to daily drinking totals of no more than about 7p1 (=7 mg) per larva per day, assuming the highest drinking rates were maintained, of which only a fraction of a per cent would be dissolved organic material. A comparison between drinking rates reported here and filtration rates of larvae of the same mosquito species determined earlier (Aly, 1988) further stresses the importance of particulate over dissolved food. Mean filtration rates, determined as the volumes of water cleared by larvae of test particles, were 400 times (A.albimanus), 2100 times (A.aegypti) and 3100 times (C. quinquefasciatus) larger than mean drinking rates reported here.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Drinking rate regulation in some fresh‐water mosquito larvae

Aly¹,

Dadd²

1989

Physiological Entomology

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ABSTRACT. Drinking rates were determined with four species of freshwater mosquito larvae by colorimetric measurement of the dye ingested after groups of fourth instars were allowed access for set periods to 2% amaranth solutions. The rate of drinking for the saline‐tolerant Aedes aegypti, 309±113 nl per h per individual, was comparable with rates given in the literature for several saline‐water species, but rates for Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex molestus and Anopheles albimanus were markedly lower (167±30, 48±17 and 108±28m per h, respectively). When larvae of A.aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus were glutted with kaolin (allowed to replace all food in the gut by filter‐feeding in kaolin suspension), drinking rates were little affected at first, but after 1 day of fasting (holding in water after glutting), drinking rates were 50% lower and were reduced by a further 20% with fasting for up to 3 days. For A.aegypti, C.quinquefasciatus and C. molestus, drinking rates were approximately doubled with kaolin dispersed in the dye solution, and after fasting, were increased by up to 100% in solutions containing 0.05% of water‐soluble yeast extract. A similar phagostimulant effect of 10‐3M adenylic acid was demonstrated for A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus. A single experiment indicated similar stimulatory effects of kaolin and adenylic acid for, A. albimanus. With 0.01‐0.05% agarose in the dye solutions, drinking rates for A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus were more than doubled, and a similar though weaker effect was demonstrated for another colloid, methylcellulose. In constrast, both colloids markedly reduced the rate of drinking with A.albimanus. These findings are discussed in relation to whether drinking and filter‐feeding are necessarily coupled. The possible significance of this with respect to larvae that feed in different microhabitats, providing different levels of dissolved and colloidal nutrient organic matter, is considered. The implications of drinking rates for biotests of solubilized bacterial toxins as mosquito larvicides are noted.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Drinking rate regulation in some fresh‐water mosquito larvae

Aly¹,

Dadd²

1989

Physiological Entomology

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“…Finally, CYP9J15 was the only CYP being preferentially transcribed in Malpighian tubules whereas CYP6AL1 was the only gene preferentially transcribed in abdomen carcass. In their breeding sites, Aedes larvae are indiscriminate filter feeders continuously exposed to a wide range of xenobiotics dissolved in water or bound to food particles (Aly, 1988). The preferential transcription of these P450s in the larval alimentary canal might be related to their ability to metabolize xenobiotics present in their environment (Li et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcription profiling of eleven cytochrome P450s potentially involved in xenobiotic metabolism in the mosquito Aedes aegypti

Poupardin

Riaz

Vontas

et al. 2010

Insect Molecular Biology

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Transcription profiles of 11 Aedes aegypti P450 genes from CYP6 and CYP9 subfamilies potentially involved in xenobiotic metabolism were investigated. Many genes were preferentially transcribed in tissues classically involved in xenobiotic metabolism including midgut and Malpighian tubules. Life-stage transcription profiling revealed important variations amongst larvae, pupae, and adult males and females. Exposure of mosquito larvae to sub-lethal doses of three xenobiotics induced the transcription of several genes with an induction peak after 48 to 72 h exposure. Several CYP genes were also induced by oxidative stress and one gene strongly responded to 20-hydroxyecdysone. Overall, this study revealed that these P450s show different transcription profiles according to xenobiotic exposures, life stages or sex. Their putative chemoprotective functions are discussed.

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“…It was no surprise to discover that mosquitoes readily ingested MPs. Larvae of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus), Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann, Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say and Culex quinquefasciatus Say have all been shown previously to ingest polystyrene latex beads (Dadd, 1971;Aly, 1988). We show that larvae did not ingest as many of the larger 15 m MPs compared to 2 m MPs which confirms previous work that suggests that filter feeding mosquitoes ingest particles based on their own size (Merritt et al, 1992), This does not infer selection, but probably reflects physical limitations, for example first instar larvae are unable to ingest latex beads as small as 45 µm in diameter (Dadd, 1971).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining effects of ontogenic microplastic transference on Culex mosquito mortality and adult weight

Al-Jaibachi

Cuthbert

Callaghan

2019

Science of The Total Environment

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Microplastics (MPs) continue to proliferate and pollute aquatic and terrestrial environments globally. The impacts of MP pollution on ecosystems and their functioning remain poorly quantified, with most research hitherto focusing on marine ecosystems. There is a paucity of information on the impacts of MPs in freshwater ecosystems, despite the broad range of pathways through which MPs can proliferate and the extensive range of species which actively ingest MPs in these systems. Of particular interest are organisms that bridge aquatic and terrestrial habitats. The present study thus examines the uptake, ontogenic transference and effect of different concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 200 MPs mL-1) and sizes (2 and 15 µm) of polystyrene MPs between aquatic and terrestrial life stages of Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes. Both 2 and 15 µm MPs transferred from the aquatic larval to terrestrial adult stage of Culex mosquitoes, and uptake correlated tightly with initial exposure concentration. However, neither concentration nor size of MPs significantly influenced mortality rates between the aquatic larval and terrestrial adult stage. There was also no impact of MPs on the weight of emerging mosquito adults. We thus demonstrate that MPs can be transferred ontogenically through organisms with complex life histories, presenting a potential pathway for dispersal of MPs into terrestrial environments. We also show that MPs exposure does not affect mortality rates between life stages of freshwater Culex populations. This suggests that MPs do not impact nutritional uptakes, with unhampered development to adulthood facilitating subsequent dispersal of MPs aerially and between freshwater and terrestrial habitats.

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Filtration rates of mosquito larvae in suspensions of latex microspheres and yeast cells

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Drinking rate regulation in some fresh‐water mosquito larvae

Drinking rate regulation in some fresh‐water mosquito larvae

Transcription profiling of eleven cytochrome P450s potentially involved in xenobiotic metabolism in the mosquito Aedes aegypti

Examining effects of ontogenic microplastic transference on Culex mosquito mortality and adult weight

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