Filtration methods for recovery of Bacillus anthracis spores spiked into source and finished water

Perez, A.S.; Hohn, Christina; Higgins, James

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2005.10.009

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, for the healthcare waste mass of 0.540 kg used in the disinfection kinetic assays, the recovery fraction was nearly 100%; therefore, this method is valid for the analysis of inactivation efficiency during UV/H 2 O 2 tests. The recovery levels obtained in the present study are much higher than the typical values presented in the literature (Brown et al, 2007;Hodges et al, 2006;Nicholson and Law, 1999;Perez et al, 2005), and this improvement can be attributed to the differences in the extraction methodology and the microorganism species involved. In the present case, the dispersion of the inoculated waste in a large volume of saline solution and the surface properties of B. atrophaeus fostered improved spore extraction (Chen et al, 2010b;Parkar et al, 2001;Seale et al, 2008).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 56%

Inactivation of Bacillus atrophaeus spores in healthcare waste by uv light coupled with H2O2

Iannotti

Pisani

2013

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-Healthcare waste inoculated with B. atropheaus spores was used to evaluate a treatment process using UV light in combination with H 2 O 2 . First, the influence of the waste mass on the spore inactivation fraction was investigated for a constant radiation exposure time of 10 min and power per unit mass of waste (44-237 W/kg). The degree of inactivation of the spores was then determined as a function of exposure time (5-30 min) and power per mass unit (67-178 W/kg) for a constant waste mass. The experimental results were adjusted according to four kinetic models. The Hom and power law models were the most appropriate for the description of the disinfection process. The maximum experimental inactivation fraction (95%) achieved was obtained with 178 W/kg irradiation for 30 min.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 56%

Inactivation of Bacillus atrophaeus spores in healthcare waste by uv light coupled with H2O2

Iannotti

Pisani

2013

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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“…Thus, an alternative method for the recovery of bacteria from soil samples could be useful when attempting to confirm a diagnosis based on molecular and immunological methods. Rapid methods for the recovery of microbes and spores from water [21][22][23] and biological samples 24 based on filtration processes have been described. Nevertheless, no studies analyze the ability to recover F. tularensis from soil samples using simple filtration techniques and to detect the bacterium by molecular and immunological methods simultaneously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Francisella tularensis from soil samples by filtration and detection by real-time PCR and cELISA

et al. 2008

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The aim of this study was to develop a specific and highly sensitive method able to detect very low concentrations of Francisella tularensis in soil samples by real-time PCR (qPCR) with SYBR Green I. tul4 gene, which encodes the 17-kDa protein (TUL4) in F. tularensis strains, was amplified using a LightCycler (LC) device. We achieved a detection limit of 0.69 fg of genomic DNA from F. tularensis subp. holarctica live vaccine strain (LVS), corresponding to a value less than 3.4 genome equivalents per reaction. The qPCR was shown to be specific, highly sensitive and reproducible. In addition, we evaluated 2 new methods for recovering bacteria from soil based on 1-step filtration using glass fiber filters and PVDF filters. These filtration methods enabled us to recover F. tularensis efficiently from soil samples. As few as 50 CFU per 0.5 g of soil were detected by qPCR. Capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) allowed us to detect and quantify the amount of bacteria recovered from soil by an immunological method. Although qPCR was more sensitive than cELISA, we did not observe substantial differences in the amount of bacteria quantified by both methods.

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“…Out of 15 articles on the environmental limit of detection, 8 articles were on detection in soil (2, 10, 18, 24, 44, 60, 63, 69), 2 were on detection in the air (47, 66), 6 were on detection on fomites (14,15,16,20,38,59), and 1 was on detection in water (54). The results for the environmental limit of detection could not be reported as distributions due to the limited number of articles for each matrix.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perez et al (2005) (54) spiked B. anthracis spores into tap and source water in volumes ranging from 0.1 to 10 liters. Sample concentrations were detected using sheep red blood cell agar plates, B. anthracis chromogenic agar plates (R&F Laboratories), PCR, or nested PCR.…”

Section: Downloaded Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Limits of Detection of Various Methods for Bacillus anthracis in Computing Risks to Human Health

Herzog

McLennan

Pandey

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Used for decades for biological warfare, Bacillus anthracis (category A agent) has proven to be highly stable and lethal. Quantitative risk assessment modeling requires descriptive statistics of the limit of detection to assist in defining the exposure. Furthermore, the sensitivities of various detection methods in environmental matrices are vital information for first responders. A literature review of peer-reviewed journal articles related to methods for detection of B. anthracis was undertaken. Articles focused on the development or evaluation of various detection approaches, such as PCR, real-time PCR, immunoassay, etc. Real-time PCR and PCR were the most sensitive methods for the detection of B. anthracis, with median instrument limits of detection of 430 and 440 cells/ml, respectively. There were very few peer-reviewed articles on the detection methods for B. anthracis in the environment. The most sensitive limits of detection for the environmental samples were 0.1 CFU/g for soil using PCR-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 17 CFU/liter for air using an ELISA-biochip system, 1 CFU/liter for water using cultivation, and 1 CFU/cm 2 for stainless steel fomites using cultivation. An exponential dose-response model for the inhalation of B. anthracis estimates of risk at concentrations equal to the environmental limit of detection determined the probability of death if untreated to be as high as 0.520. Though more data on the environmental limit of detection would improve the assumptions made for the risk assessment, this study's quantification of the risk posed by current limitations in the knowledge of detection methods should be considered when employing those methods in environmental monitoring and cleanup strategies.

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Filtration methods for recovery of Bacillus anthracis spores spiked into source and finished water

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Inactivation of Bacillus atrophaeus spores in healthcare waste by uv light coupled with H2O2

Inactivation of Bacillus atrophaeus spores in healthcare waste by uv light coupled with H2O2

Recovery of Francisella tularensis from soil samples by filtration and detection by real-time PCR and cELISA

Implications of Limits of Detection of Various Methods for Bacillus anthracis in Computing Risks to Human Health

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