Filovirus activity among selected ethnic groups inhabiting the tropical forest of equatorial Africa

Johnson, E. D.; Gonzalez, Jean‐Paul; Georges, A. J.

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(93)90077-4

Cited by 54 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…These results are consistent with previous studies showing seroprevalence rates ranging from 1.8% to 21.3% [30]–[34]. However, these latter surveys used a poorly specific IFAT method associated with frequent false-positive results [27].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Likewise, a seroprevalence of 13.2% was found in the Aka Pygmy population of Central African Republic, where no ZEBOV outbreaks have ever been reported [29]. These findings confirmed those of older studies based on less-specific immunofluorescence assays that showed an antibody prevalence of around 10% in several non epidemic parts of Africa [30]–[34]. In contrast, a more recent survey showed a low anti-ZEBOV IgG prevalence (1.4%) among 979 people living in the northern region of Gabon that experienced EHF outbreaks between 1994 and 1997 [35].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

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High Prevalence of Both Humoral and Cellular Immunity to Zaire ebolavirus among Rural Populations in Gabon

et al. 2010

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To better understand Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) circulation and transmission to humans, we conducted a large serological survey of rural populations in Gabon, a country characterized by both epidemic and non epidemic regions. The survey lasted three years and covered 4,349 individuals from 220 randomly selected villages, representing 10.7% of all villages in Gabon. Using a sensitive and specific ELISA method, we found a ZEBOV-specific IgG seroprevalence of 15.3% overall, the highest ever reported. The seroprevalence rate was significantly higher in forested areas (19.4%) than in other ecosystems, namely grassland (12.4%), savannah (10.5%), and lakeland (2.7%). No other risk factors for seropositivity were found. The specificity of anti-ZEBOV IgG was confirmed by Western blot in 138 individuals, and CD8 T cells from seven IgG+ individuals were shown to produce IFN-γ after ZEBOV stimulation. Together, these findings show that a large fraction of the human population living in forested areas of Gabon has both humoral and cellular immunity to ZEBOV. In the absence of identified risk factors, the high prevalence of “immune” persons suggests a common source of human exposure such as fruits contaminated by bat saliva. These findings provide significant new insights into ZEBOV circulation and human exposure, and raise important questions as to the human pathogenicity of ZEBOV and the existence of natural protective immunization.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

High Prevalence of Both Humoral and Cellular Immunity to Zaire ebolavirus among Rural Populations in Gabon

et al. 2010

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“…The Ebola virus is endemic to central Africa, [6][7][8][9][10][11] occurring in isolated epidemics throughout the region, [12][13][14] specifically on three occasions between 1994 and 1996 in Gabon. 15,16 Several strains of the virus have been characterized, some of which may cause a clinically atypical disease in an as yet unknown proportion of cases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospirosis and Ebola virus infection in five gold-panning villages in northeastern Gabon.

Bertherat¹,

Renaut²,

Nabias³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. An exhaustive epidemiologic and serologic survey was carried out in five gold-panning villages situated in northeastern Gabon to estimate the degree of exposure of to leptospirosis and Ebola virus. The seroprevalence was 15.7% for leptospirosis and 10.2% for Ebola virus. Sixty years after the last seroepidemiologic survey of leptospirosis in Gabon, this study demonstrates the persistence of this infection among the endemic population and the need to consider it as a potential cause of hemorrhagic fever in Gabon. There was no significant statistical correlation between the serologic status of populations exposed to both infectious agents, indicating the lack of common risk factors for these diseases.

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“…Neben dem Verwerten von Wildtierkadavern und dem Konsum von rohem beziehungsweise nicht durchgebratenem Fleisch, gilt ganz allgemein der direkte Kontakt zu Wildtieren (inklusive Chiroptera), besonders für das EBV, als Risikofaktor [20,52,59,73,80,86].…”

Section: Ebolavirus -Risiko Jagd Und Wildtierkadaverunclassified

Fledertiere und andere Reservoirwirte der Filoviridae. Epidemiegefahr am afrikanischen Kontinent? – Eine deduktive Literaturanalyse

Laminger

Prinz

2010

Wien Klin Wochenschr

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Ebola and Marburg virus, forming the Filoviridae family, cause hemorrhagic fever in countries of sub-Saharan Africa. These viral diseases are characterized by a sudden epidemic occurrence as well as a high lethality. Even though a reservoir host has not been approved yet, literature indicates the order of bats (Chiroptera) as a potential reservoir host. Significant references lead to a delineation of a hypothetical ecosystem of Filoviridae including Chiroptera. IgG-specific Ebola-Zaire antibodies were detected in Hammer-headed Bats (Hypsignathus monstrosus), Epauletted Fruit Bats (Epomops franqueti), and Little Collared Fruit Bats (Myonycteris torquata) during Ebola outbreaks between 2001 and 2005 in Gabon and the Republic of the Congo. The discovery of IgG-specific-Marburg virus antibodies and virus-specific ribonucleic acid in Egyptian Fruit Bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) provided further indication for the exploration of the reservoir host. In 2007, the Marburg virus isolation could for the first time be accomplished directly from apparently healthy and naturally infected Egyptian Fruit Bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) in Kitaka Mine (Uganda). Risk groups can be defined through chronological reprocessing and interpretation of existing epidemic-outbreaks on the African continent and the search for infection reasons of the index cases. The following risk factors for an infection with Ebola or Marburg virus must be put into consideration: Contact with and consumption of wild animal carcasses, sightseeing in caves as well as work in mines. The focus of this review is the demonstration of risk profiles and their exposure to Chiroptera and other potential reservoir hosts.

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Filovirus activity among selected ethnic groups inhabiting the tropical forest of equatorial Africa

Cited by 54 publications

References 8 publications

High Prevalence of Both Humoral and Cellular Immunity to Zaire ebolavirus among Rural Populations in Gabon

High Prevalence of Both Humoral and Cellular Immunity to Zaire ebolavirus among Rural Populations in Gabon

Leptospirosis and Ebola virus infection in five gold-panning villages in northeastern Gabon.

Fledertiere und andere Reservoirwirte der Filoviridae. Epidemiegefahr am afrikanischen Kontinent? – Eine deduktive Literaturanalyse

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