Fifty years of memory for names and faces: A cross-sectional approach.

We evaluated the importance of early visual input for the later development of expertise in face processing by studying 17 patients, aged 10 to 38 years, treated for bilateral congenital cataracts that deprived them of patterned visual input for the first 7 weeks or more after birth. We administered five computerized tasks that required matching faces on the basis of identity (with changed facial expression or head orientation), facial expression, gaze direction and lip reading. Compared to an age-matched control group, patients' recognition of facial identity was impaired significantly when there was a change in head orientation (e.g. from frontal to tilted up), and tended to be impaired when there was a change in facial expression (e.g. from happy to surprised). Patients performed normally when matching facial expression and direction of gaze (e.g. looking left or right), and in reading lips (e.g. pronouncing 'u' or 'a'). The results indicate that visual input during early infancy is necessary for the normal development of some aspects of face processing, and are consistent with theories postulating the importance of early visual experience (de Schonen & Mathivet, 1989; and separate neural mediation of different components of face processing (Bruce & Young, 1986).

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The effect of early visual deprivation on the development of face processing

Geldart

Mondloch

Maurer

et al. 2002

Developmental Science

106

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Infantile Amnesia: Through a Glass Darkly

Newcombe

1994

Child Development

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Memory for former preschool classmates was examined in 9- and 10-year-old children using measures of both explicit and implicit memory. Yes-no recognition of faces was at low levels but was significantly above chance. Skin conductance data showed similarly low but above-chance differentiation between classmates and controls. A median split of children based on their recognition memory scores showed that children with little evidence of explicit memory for classmates were as likely to show differential skin conductance responding to faces of former classmates as were children with higher recognition scores. Infantile amnesia, like the clinical syndrome for which it is named, may not always involve complete loss of encoded information.

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Influence of a Photograph on a Charitable Appeal: A Picture May Be Worth a Thousand Words When It Has to Speak for Itself

Thornton

Kirchner

Jacobs

1991

J Applied Social Pyschol

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Several studies were conducted examining the influence of the use of photographs of a needy individual on a charity appeal for either a well‐known or lesser‐known charity organization. Results of an initial study indicated that people expected the use of a photograph to enhance the effectiveness of a door‐to‐door solicitation campaign and that a well‐known charity would fare better than a lesser‐known one in its efforts. Results of two subsequent studies involving door‐to‐door solicitations, however. indicated that the proportion of people contributing and the average amount contributed was not dependent upon either the photograph or familiarity with the charity. A final study using a passive countertop solicitation in stores did result in greater contributions when the photograph was present, whereas there was no difference due to charity familiarity. These findings are discussed in terms of image‐maintenance concerns and social pressures associated with the immediacy of a request.

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Fifty years of memory for names and faces: A cross-sectional approach.

Cited by 7 publications

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The effect of early visual deprivation on the development of face processing

The effect of early visual deprivation on the development of face processing

Infantile Amnesia: Through a Glass Darkly

Influence of a Photograph on a Charitable Appeal: A Picture May Be Worth a Thousand Words When It Has to Speak for Itself

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