Field-trip guide to mafic volcanism of the Cascade Range in Central Oregon—A volcanic, tectonic, hydrologic, and geomorphic journey

Deligne, Natalia I.; McKay, D.; Conrey, Richard M.; Grant, Gordon E.; Johnson, E. R.; O’Connor, Jim E.; Sweeney, Kristin E.

doi:10.3133/sir20175022h

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(95 reference statements)

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“…The basin is heavily forested and includes stands of old growth Douglas fir trees as well as smaller areas that have been logged to study the effects of forest management practices. Additional details about the climate, morphology, geology, and ecology of the site are well described by others (Dyrness, 1969;Swanson and James, 1975;Swanson and Jones, 2002;Jefferson et al, 2004;Cashman et al, 2009;Deligne et al, 2017). The synoptic sampling spanned the entire HJA basin to characterize basin-scale valley bot-tom conditions, while additional, more detailed sampling occurred in three distinct landform types.…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Summary of key characteristics of the fixed-reach sites. See detailed descriptions for further information (Dyrness, 1969;Swanson and James, 1975;Swanson and Jones, 2002;Jefferson et al, 2004;Cashman et al, 2009;Deligne et al, 2017).…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We estimated S ref as the volume of the surface water (mean width × mean depth × length along centerline) plus the subsurface storage volume (valley width × valley segment length × depth × porosity). We estimated porosity as 30 % for all locations (after Domenico and Schwartz, 1990;Ward et al, 2018a). The SAS analysis can be interpreted to yield an understanding of how storage and discharge are related for the study.…”

Section: Storage Selection (Sas) Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial and temporal variation in river corridor exchange across a 5th-order mountain stream network

Ward

Wondzell

Schmadel

et al. 2019

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Although most field and modeling studies of river corridor exchange have been conducted at scales ranging from tens to hundreds of meters, results of these studies are used to predict their ecological and hydrological influences at the scale of river networks. Further complicating prediction, exchanges are expected to vary with hydrologic forcing and the local geomorphic setting. While we desire predictive power, we lack a complete spatiotemporal relationship relating discharge to the variation in geologic setting and hydrologic forcing that is expected across a river basin. Indeed, the conceptual model of Wondzell (2011) predicts systematic variation in river corridor exchange as a function of (1) variation in baseflow over time at a fixed location, (2) variation in discharge with location in the river network, and (3) local geomorphic setting. To test this conceptual model we conducted more than 60 solute tracer studies including a synoptic campaign in the 5th-order river network of the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest (Oregon, USA) and replicate-in-time experiments in four watersheds. We interpret the data using a series of metrics describing river corridor exchange and solute transport, testing for consistent direction and magnitude of relationships relating these metrics to discharge and local geomorphic setting. We confirmed systematic decrease in river corridor exchange space through the river networks, from headwaters to the larger main stem. However, we did not find systematic variation with changes in discharge through time or with local geomorphic setting. While interpretation of our results is complicated by problems with the analytical methods, the results are sufficiently robust for us to conclude that space-for-time and time-for-space substitutions are not appropriate in our study system. Finally, we suggest two strategies that will improve the interpretability of tracer test results and help the hyporheic community develop robust datasets that will enable comparisons across multiple sites and/or discharge conditions.

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Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Storage Selection (Sas) Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial and temporal variation in river corridor exchange across a 5th-order mountain stream network

Ward

Wondzell

Schmadel

et al. 2019

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…The valley is bedrock-constrained both vertically and laterally and overlain by colluvium deposited from hillslope failures. The catchment and study reach have been investigated extensively and well characterized in past field and modeling studies [5,23,53,84,[97][98][99][100][101][102].…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solute Transport and Transformation in an Intermittent, Headwater Mountain Stream with Diurnal Discharge Fluctuations

Ward

Kurz

Schmadel

et al. 2019

Water

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P.J.B.); J.Drummond@bham.ac.uk (J.D.D.); D.M.HANNAH@bham.ac.uk (D.M.H.); S.Krause@bham.ac.uk (S.K.); a.m.milner@bham.ac.uk (A.M.)Abstract: Time-variable discharge is known to control both transport and transformation of solutes in the river corridor. Still, few studies consider the interactions of transport and transformation together. Here, we consider how diurnal discharge fluctuations in an intermittent, headwater stream control reach-scale solute transport and transformation as measured with conservative and reactive tracers during a period of no precipitation. One common conceptual model is that extended contact times with hyporheic zones during low discharge conditions allows for increased transformation of reactive solutes. Instead, we found tracer timescales within the reach were related to discharge, described by a single discharge-variable StorAge Selection function. We found that Resazurin to Resorufin (Raz-to-Rru) transformation is static in time, and apparent differences in reactive tracer were due to interactions with different ages of storage, not with time-variable reactivity. Overall we found reactivity was highest in youngest storage locations, with minimal Raz-to-Rru conversion in waters older than about 20 h of storage in our study reach. Therefore, not all storage in the study reach has the same potential biogeochemical function and increasing residence time of solute storage does not necessarily increase reaction potential of that solute, contrary to prevailing expectations.

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“…In general, significant trends in monthly precipitation and air temperature are infrequently detected, due largely to the short observational records at the local meteorological network ( Table S1). Further details about the local climate, morphology, geology, and ecology are comprehensively described elsewhere (Dyrness, 1969;Swanson and James, 1975;Swanson and Jones, 2001;Jefferson et al, 2004;Cashman et al, 2009;Deligne et al, 2017).…”

Section: Site Description and Available Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change Causes River Network Contraction and Disconnection in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon, USA

et al. 2020

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Headwater streams account for more than 89% of global river networks and provide numerous ecosystem services that benefit downstream ecosystems and human water uses. It has been established that changes in climate have shifted the timing and magnitude of observed precipitation, which, at specific gages, have been directly linked to long-term reductions in large river discharge. However, climate impacts on ungaged headwater streams, where ecosystem function is tightly coupled to flow permanence along the river corridor, remain unknown due to the lack of data sets and ability to model and predict flow permanence. We analyzed a network of 10 gages with 38-69 years of records across a 5th-order river basin in the U.S. Pacific Northwest, finding increasing frequency of lower low-flow conditions across the basin. Next, we simulated river network expansion and contraction for a 65-year period of record, revealing 24% and 9% declines in flowing and contiguous network length, respectively, during the driest months of the year. This study is the first to mechanistically simulate network expansion and contraction at the scale of a large river basin, informing if and how climate change is altering connectivity along river networks. While the heuristic model presented here yields basin-specific conclusions, this approach is generalizable and transferable to the study of other large river basins. Finally, we interpret our model results in the context of regulations based on flow permanence, demonstrating the complications of static regulatory definitions in the face of non-stationary climate.

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Field-trip guide to mafic volcanism of the Cascade Range in Central Oregon—A volcanic, tectonic, hydrologic, and geomorphic journey

Cited by 8 publications

References 48 publications

Spatial and temporal variation in river corridor exchange across a 5th-order mountain stream network

Spatial and temporal variation in river corridor exchange across a 5th-order mountain stream network

Solute Transport and Transformation in an Intermittent, Headwater Mountain Stream with Diurnal Discharge Fluctuations

Climate Change Causes River Network Contraction and Disconnection in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon, USA

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