Field Trial of Rhesus Rotavirus or Human-Rhesus Rotavirus Reassortant Vaccine of VP7 Serotype 3 or 1 Specificity in Infants

Madore, H P; Christy, Cynthia; Pichichero, Michael E.; Long, Courtney P.; Pincus, Patricia H.; Vosefsky, D.; Kapikian, Albert Z.; Dolin, Raphael

doi:10.1093/infdis/166.2.235

Cited by 65 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…These data are consistent with previously discussed observations that vp4 may be more immunogenic than vp7 after either natural infection or immunization (see Section IV,O. Immunization with RRV reassortant rotaviruses expressing human G type 1, 2, or 4 induced protection against rotavirus disease (caused predominantly by G1 rotavirus strains) in 63-77% of vaccinees within the first year Madore et al, 1992;Sack, 1992). Therefore, protection against disease induced by reassortant viruses was not significantly greater than that found after immunization with RRV (see Table I).…”

Section: E Response To and Protection Against Disease By Active Immsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Therefore, protection against disease induced by reassortant viruses was not significantly greater than that found after immunization with RRV (see Table I). Protection against disease 1-2 years after immunization was less than that observed during the first year Madore et al, 1992;Sack, 1992).…”

Section: E Response To and Protection Against Disease By Active Immmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Rotaviruses: Immunological Determinants of Protection Against Infection and Disease

Offit

1994

Advances in Virus Research

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Section: E Response To and Protection Against Disease By Active Immsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: E Response To and Protection Against Disease By Active Immmentioning

confidence: 94%

Rotaviruses: Immunological Determinants of Protection Against Infection and Disease

Offit

1994

Advances in Virus Research

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“…Attempts to correlate levels of serotype-specific serum neutralizing antibody with the specificity of protection after immunization have failed [10,34,[53][54][55]. However, clues regarding the role of serotype specificity in protection against rotavirus disease have been obtained from epidemiologic evidence, vaccination and challenge studies in animals, and experimental vaccination of infants.…”

Section: Evidence That Neutralizing Antibody Is An Essential Effectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Potential Protective Mechanisms on the Development of Live Rotavirus Vaccines

2010

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Rotaviruses cause extensive morbidity and mortality worldwide, thus corroborating the need for a vaccine that is effective in all socioeconomic environments. Vaccines evaluated in clinical trials have all been live attenuated rotaviruses that are delivered orally to mimic the excellent protection observed after natural infection. The mechanisms by which these vaccine candidates or wild-type rotaviruses elicit protection are not fully understood. During the 1980s, several candidate vaccines provided little protection, particularly in developing countries, and were discontinued. Two, however, are in the process of being licensed worldwide, and several others are undergoing clinical trials. Development of live rotavirus vaccines has been highly influenced by views regarding the importance of serotype-specific neutralizing antibody. Development of several candidate vaccines is based on the concept that neutralizing antibody is the primary determinant of protection. These candidates, including 1 of the 2 being licensed worldwide (RotaTeq), are composed of multiple rotavirus strains representative of the major human rotavirus serotypes. The other group of candidates has been developed based on the theory that protection is not solely dependent on neutralizing antibody. These candidates are composed of single rotavirus strains and include the other vaccine being licensed worldwide (Rotarix). Studies that provide the basis for each approach will be presented and discussed.

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“…The vaccine was shown to induce homotypic protection, because strains isolated from patients with rotavirus diarrhea belonged predominantly to the same VP7 serotype as the vaccine (type 3). Heterotypic protection against VP7 serotype 1 was demonstrated in several trials (52,93,120,137), usually with greater efficacy against more severe cases of rotavirus diarrhea; however, the RRV vaccine failed to provide any protection in two trials in which VP7 serotype 1 predominated (21,125).…”

Section: Rhesus Rotavirus Vaccine Strain Mmu18006mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus vaccines: an overview

1996

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Rotavirus vaccine development has focused on the delivery of live attenuated rotavirus strains by the oral route. The initial "Jennerian" approach involving bovine (RIT4237, WC3) or rhesus (RRV) rotavirus vaccine candidates showed that these vaccines were safe, well tolerated, and immunogenic but induced highly variable rates of protection against rotavirus diarrhea. The goal of a rotavirus vaccine is to prevent severe illness that can lead to dehydration in infants and young children in both developed and developing countries. These studies led to the concept that a multivalent vaccine that represented each of the four epidemiologically important VP7 serotypes might be necessary to induce protection in young infants, the target population for vaccination. Human-animal rotavirus reassortants whose gene encoding VP7 was derived from their human rotavirus parent but whose remaining genes were derived from the animal rotavirus parent were developed as vaccine candidates. The greatest experience with a multivalent vaccine to date has been gained with the quadrivalent preparation containing RRV (VP7 serotype 3) and human-RRV reassortants of VP7 serotype 1, 2, and 4 specificity. Preliminary efficacy trial results in the United States have been promising, whereas a study in Peru has shown only limited protection. Human-bovine reassortant vaccines, including a candidate that contains the VP4 gene of a human rotavirus (VP4 serotype 1A), are also being studied.

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Field Trial of Rhesus Rotavirus or Human-Rhesus Rotavirus Reassortant Vaccine of VP7 Serotype 3 or 1 Specificity in Infants

Cited by 65 publications

References 44 publications

Rotaviruses: Immunological Determinants of Protection Against Infection and Disease

Rotaviruses: Immunological Determinants of Protection Against Infection and Disease

Influence of Potential Protective Mechanisms on the Development of Live Rotavirus Vaccines

Rotavirus vaccines: an overview

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