Field trial of a staphylococcal mastitis vaccine in dairy herds: clinical, subclinical and microbiological assessments

Watson, D. J.; McColl, M L; Davies, H.I.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1996.tb07567.x

Cited by 41 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Most mammary quarters of vaccinated animals showed no clinical signs of mastitis; however, in the unvaccinated animals most quarters developed clinical o subclinical mastitis. These results are in agreement with other studies which have demonstrated that vaccination can reduce both the development of clinical symptoms and the development of new subclinical mastitis infections (Pankey et al 1985, Watson 1992, Watson et al 1996, Middleton et al 2006, but disagree with others which have shown that vaccination did not significantly affect the rate of clinical mastitis (Tenhagen et al 2001). According to Rainard and Poutrel (1991), reduced severity of symptoms is probably mediated via antibodies neutralizing the S. aureus toxins, and this effect is easiest to generate with vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Evaluation of a new vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in dairy herds of southern Chile. I. Challenge trial

Mella

Ulloa

Valdés

et al. 2017

Austral j. vet. sci.

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ABSTRACT. S. aureus is the most frequently isolated mastitis pathogen in southern Chile. Hygiene during milking time and DCT have not been successful to control this pathogen. Vaccination has been suggested as a useful tool to combat mastitis and several vaccines have been developed and evaluated worldwide. This study presents the results of a pilot trial to evaluate the effects of a new vaccine produced in Chile against S. aureus mastitis on udder health, humoral immune response, and milk production after an experimental intramammary challenge with a heterologous S. aureus strain. Four 2 mL doses of the vaccine were administered intramuscularly to five pregnant heifers free of IMI infections, using another five heifers as controls. Ten days after last immunisation two mammary quarters of all heifers were challenged with a pathogenic strain of S. aureus. Heifers were monitored for clinical signs, bacterial count, SCC, differential leukocyte count in blood, S. aureus antibody, and milk yield during 14 days after challenge. No systemic effects were observed in any of the challenged heifers, and severe clinical cases were only observed in the control group. The SCCs were always higher in heifers of the control group. The challenged quarters of the control group yielded the highest counts of S. aureus, but no significant difference was observed between vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups. Serum antibody titres were twice as high in the vaccinated group compared to the control group, and average milk yield reduction was lower in the vaccinated group. In conclusion, this vaccine was able to stimulate the humoral immune response of vaccinated heifers which could have a beneficial effect against new IMI by S. aureus and help to combat this mastitis pathogen.Key words: mastitis, vaccine, Staphylococcus aureus, challenge trial. RESUMEN. S. aureus es el patógeno mamario más frecuentemente aislado en el sur deChile. La higiene durante la ordeña y la terapia de secado no han sido exitosas para controlar estos patógenos y la vacunación podría ser una alternativa. Varias vacunas se han desarrollado en otros países. Este estudio presenta los resultados de un ensayo piloto para evaluar los efectos de una nueva vacuna producida en Chile contra mastitis bovina por S. aureus sobre la salud de la glándula mamaria, la respuesta humoral, y la producción de leche, posterior al desafío experimental intramamario con una cepa heteróloga de S. aureus. Se vacunaron intramuscularmente cinco vaquillas preñadas con 4 dosis de 2 mL de la vacuna, dejando otras cinco vaquillas como control. Diez días después de la última inmunización, dos cuartos mamarios de cada vaquilla fueron desafiados con una cepa patógena de S. aureus. Los animales fueron monitoreados durante 14 días postdesafío por signos clínicos, recuento bacteriano, RCS, recuento diferencial de leucocitos, anticuerpos anti-S. aureus, y producción de leche. No hubo alteraciones sistémicas en los animales vacunados y un caso severo de mastitis clínica se presentó en el grupo control; los...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Evaluation of a new vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in dairy herds of southern Chile. I. Challenge trial

Mella

Ulloa

Valdés

et al. 2017

Austral j. vet. sci.

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“…A combined CP5 and CP8 conjugate vaccine has been evaluated in a phase III clinical study (6,30), and antibodies specific for CPs have been shown to protect against S. aureus infections in murine models (7). A number of vaccines, some also including various polysaccharide surface antigens, have been designed and used against S. aureus mastitis of dairy cows (14,23,39). Both CP5 conjugate and wholecell vaccines stimulate antibody responses in cattle (8,38).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureus Capsular Polysaccharide Types 5 and 8 Reduce Killing by Bovine Neutrophils In Vitro

2005

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Isogenic variants of Staphylococcus aureus strain Reynolds expressing either no capsule or capsular polysaccharide (CP) type 5 (CP5) or type 8 (CP8) were used to assess the effect of CP on bacterial killing and the respiratory burst of bovine neutrophils. The effects of antisera specific for CP5 and CP8 were also evaluated. The killing of live bacteria by isolated neutrophils was quantified in a bactericidal assay, while the respiratory burst after stimulation with live bacteria in whole blood was measured by flow cytometry. The expression of a CP5 or CP8 capsule protected the bacteria from being killed by bovine neutrophils in vitro (P < 0.001), and the capsule-expressing variants did not stimulate respiratory burst activity in calf whole blood. The addition of serotype-specific antisera increased the killing of the capsule-expressing bacteria and enhanced their stimulating effect in the respiratory burst assay (P < 0.01). When the S. aureus variants were grown under conditions known not to promote capsule expression, there were no significant differences between them. The present study demonstrates that the expression of S. aureus CP5 or CP8 confers resistance to opsonophagocytic killing and prevents the bacteria from inducing respiratory burst of bovine neutrophils in vitro and that these effects can be reversed by the addition of serotype-specific antisera.Many bacterial species have well-characterized capsules which are important virulence factors that potentiate infections (20). In addition to being a major human pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus is the cause of a variety of infections in animals. Most important is mastitis of dairy cows, which compromises animal welfare and causes large economic losses for the dairy industry. S. aureus produces various surface polysaccharides (18,19,22,40), and most strains express capsular polysaccharides (CPs) in vivo or under defined culture conditions (24). Although at least 11 serotypes based on CPs have been proposed, only four CPs (CP1, CP2, CP5, and CP8) have been chemically characterized (15).Phagocytosis and killing by neutrophil granulocytes play a key role in defense against S. aureus infections. CP1 and CP2 have been shown to have antiphagocytic properties (9,17,25,41), but such heavily capsulated strains are rarely isolated clinically (2,31,43). Most clinical isolates from both human and bovine infections produce either CP5 or CP8, although considerable geographic variations exist in the prevalence of these types in bovine isolates (26,32,37).The relatively small amount of CP produced by serotype 5 and 8 strains has made it difficult to define the role of these capsules in virulence. However, the antiphagocytic properties of the S. aureus CP5 capsule, as measured in in vitro opsonophagocytic killing assays, have been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of S. aureus infections, most likely by allowing the organism to resist uptake and killing by phagocytes (21, 35).Opsonization is of major importance for effective phagocytosis of most bacterial ...

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“…One possible explanation for the limited success of previous field trials (8,35) may lie in the approach utilized to construction of these vaccines. In fact, in most cases empirical criteria for vaccine administration have prevailed over previous systematic acquisition of basic knowledge on the type of immune responses that would be required in the mammary gland to prevent S. aureus Ima infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several attempts have been made to prevent S. aureus mastitis through vaccination. The efficacy of current experimental S. aureus vaccines, however, has not yet been fully demonstrated in field trials (4,8,37), although certain protection was achieved in bovine herds with high prevalence of S. aureus mastitis (35). Indeed, whereas available vaccines can induce high levels of circulating specific anti-S. aureus antibodies (21), they failed to reduce the incidence of new Ima infection or eliminate chronic mastitis (20,32,37).…”

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confidence: 99%

Induction of Cell-Mediated Immunity toStaphylococcus aureusin the Mouse Mammary Gland by Local Immunization with a Live Attenuated Mutant

et al. 2002

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The efficacy of intramammary (Ima) immunization with a live attenuated (la) Staphylococcus aureus mutant to protect the mouse mammary gland from infection has previously been established. The present study was aimed at evaluating whether Ima immunization with la-S. aureus can induce cell-mediated immune responses to the pathogen within the mammary gland. Mice were immunized by Ima route with la-S. aureus, and regional lymph node mononuclear cells were obtained thereafter. A higher expression of the interleukin-2 receptor was found on B and T cells from immunized mice when they were compared with control mice. Immunization with la-S. aureus induced strong proliferative responses to S. aureus. Moreover, significantly increased levels of gamma interferon (IFN-␥) were produced by CD4؉ T cells when lymphocytes from immunized mice, but not from control mice, were cultured in the presence of staphylococcal antigens. Moreover, a significant increase in the percentage of IFN-␥-producing CD4؉ and CD8 ؉ T cells was observed after S. aureus Ima challenge in immunized mice compared to challenged control mice. Our results demonstrated that Ima immunization with la-S. aureus induced primed lymphocyte populations capable of responding against staphylococcal antigens during in vitro stimulation, as well as during in vivo infection by S. aureus. CD4؉ and CD8 ؉ T cells appear to be the main lymphocyte subpopulations involved in this response. It is suggested that IFN-␥ production induced by Ima immunization may play a pivotal role in the eradication of intracellular staphylococci.

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Field trial of a staphylococcal mastitis vaccine in dairy herds: clinical, subclinical and microbiological assessments

Abstract: The trial showed that the vaccine was efficacious in reducing the incidence of clinical mastitis and prevalence of subclinical mastitis in a herd that had a serious staphylococcal mastitis problem.

Cited by 41 publications

References 6 publications

Evaluation of a new vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in dairy herds of southern Chile. I. Challenge trial

Evaluation of a new vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in dairy herds of southern Chile. I. Challenge trial

Staphylococcus aureus Capsular Polysaccharide Types 5 and 8 Reduce Killing by Bovine Neutrophils In Vitro

Induction of Cell-Mediated Immunity toStaphylococcus aureusin the Mouse Mammary Gland by Local Immunization with a Live Attenuated Mutant

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