Field Testing of Feedforward Collective Pitch Control on the CART2 Using a Nacelle-Based Lidar Scanner

Schlipf, David; Fleming, Paul; Haizmann, Florian; Scholbrock, Andrew; Hofsäß, Martin; Wright, Alan; Cheng, Po Wen

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/555/1/012090

Cited by 73 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…There have been numerous ongoing studies into the means by which LIDAR can improve wind turbine control performance. LIDAR-assisted collective pitch control for load reduction is one option and has actually been demonstrated recently in field testing [1], [2]. Another potential beneficial use of LIDAR is to increase energy yield by LIDAR-assisted yaw control [3], [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, data collected from ongoing field tests of LIDAR-enhanced collective pitch control on an experimental 1 wind turbine is used to evaluate the trade-offs involved with the inclusion of DSC. Data collected from the commercial LIDAR device installed on the nacelle of the CART3 (Controls Advanced Research Turbine, 3-Bladed) turbine at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is used together with the rotor effective wind speed extracted from the CART3 sensor data to simulate and optimize the DSC for this case.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct Speed Control using LIDAR and turbine data

Schlipf

Fleming

Kapp

et al. 2013

2013 American Control Conference

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Abstract-LIDAR systems are able to provide preview information of the wind speed in front of wind turbines. One proposed use of this information is to increase the energy capture of the turbine by adjusting the rotor speed directly to maintain operation at the optimal tip-speed ratio, a technique referred to as Direct Speed Control (DSC). Previous work has indicated that for large turbines the marginal benefit of the direct speed controller in terms of increased power does not compensate for the increase of the shaft loads. However, the technique has not yet been adequately tested to make this determination conclusively. Further, it is possible that applying DSC to smaller turbines could be worthwhile because of the higher rotor speed fluctuations and the small rotor inertia. This paper extends the previous work on direct speed controllers. A DSC is developed for a 600 kW experimental turbine and is evaluated theoretically and in simulation. Because the actual turbine has a mounted LIDAR, data collected from the turbine and LIDAR during operation are used to perform a hybrid simulation. This technique allows a realistic simulation to be performed, which provides good agreement with theoretical predictions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Speed Control using LIDAR and turbine data

Schlipf

Fleming

Kapp

et al. 2013

2013 American Control Conference

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“…LIDARs provide information about the future wind inflow seconds ahead, which can be used by novel control systems to promote better speed regulation and load alleviation. In recent years a number of studies related to LIDAR-enabled control has been reported [7] and feedforward control has already been tested on experimental turbines [13,14]. The approach used in the field tests [13,14] was to augment an existing feedback controller with a feedforward term.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years a number of studies related to LIDAR-enabled control has been reported [7] and feedforward control has already been tested on experimental turbines [13,14]. The approach used in the field tests [13,14] was to augment an existing feedback controller with a feedforward term. This technique has 2 also been investigated in [2] with various design methods, such as model-inverse, optimized FIR filter and shaped compensators, preview control, non-causal series expansion, zerophase-error tracking and adaptive methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Lidar Assisted Feedforward Preview Controller for Load Mitigation in Wind Turbines

Pereira¹,

Yoneyama²

2016

Proceeding Series of the Brazilian Society of Computational and Applied Mathematics

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Abstract. A H 2 feedforward blade pitch controller is designed using an algorithm optimized for preview control. The control objectives of the feedforward controller are to regulate the generator speed, reduce tower loads and preserve the pitch system. Its input is a wind preview measurement that is provided by a turbine-mounted LIDAR system. The feedforward enhanced control system is then compared to a baseline feedback controller in aeroservoelastic simulations. The results show that the designed controller is able to reduce generator speed fluctuations, tower loads and pitch activity without reducing the generated power, contributing to the turbine lifetime and hence decreasing the cost of energy.

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Sensor comparison study for load alleviating wind turbine pitch control

2013

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As the size of wind turbines increases, the load alleviating capabilities of the turbine controller are becoming increasingly important. Load alleviating control schemes have traditionally been based on feedback from load sensor; however, recent developments of measurement technologies have enabled control on the basis of preview measurements of the inflow acquired using, e.g., light detection and ranging. The potential of alleviating load variations that are caused by mean wind speed changes through feed-forward control have been demonstrated through both experiments and simulations in several studies, whereas the potential of preview control for alleviating the load variations caused by azimuth dependent inflow variations is less described. Individual or cyclic pitch is required to alleviate azimuth dependent load variations and is traditionally applied through feedback control of the blade root loads. In many existing studies, the performance of an advanced controller is compared with the performance of a simpler controller. In this study, the effect of three measurement types on the load alleviating performance of the same cyclic pitch control design is studied. By using a baseline cyclic pitch controller as test bench, the effect of the different measurement types on the controller performance can be assessed independent of control design. The three measurement types that are considered in this study are as follows: blade root out-of-plane bending moment, on-blade measurements of angle of attack and relative velocity at a radial position of the blades, and upstream inflow measurements from a spinner mounted light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor that enables preview of the incoming flow field. The results show that for stationary inflow conditions, the three different measurement types yield similar load reductions, but for varying inflow conditions, the LiDAR sensor-based controller yields larger load reductions than the two others. The results also show that the performance of the LiDAR sensor-based controller is very sensitive to uncertainties relating to the inflow estimation.

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Field Testing of Feedforward Collective Pitch Control on the CART2 Using a Nacelle-Based Lidar Scanner

Cited by 73 publications

References 5 publications

Direct Speed Control using LIDAR and turbine data

Direct Speed Control using LIDAR and turbine data

A Lidar Assisted Feedforward Preview Controller for Load Mitigation in Wind Turbines

Sensor comparison study for load alleviating wind turbine pitch control

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